什么是山寨币？替代加密货币指南

每个人都知道比特币（BTC），特别是考虑到它在加密媒体中被提及的次数，但可以说是第二常见的，但更令人困惑

Bitcoin (BTC) is a household name, especially given how frequently it’s mentioned in the crypto media, but arguably the second most common, yet more confusing term, is ‘altcoins’.

比特币（BTC）是一个家喻户晓的名字，特别是考虑到它在加密媒体中被频繁提及，但可以说第二个最常见但更令人困惑的术语是“山寨币”。

The truth of the matter is that the two are inherently related. While Bitcoin set the foundation for crypto’s existence, altcoins have allowed it to flourish into the ecosystem we all know today.

事实的真相是，两者有着内在的联系。虽然比特币为加密货币的存在奠定了基础，但山寨币使其在我们今天所熟知的生态系统中蓬勃发展。

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But the question remains: What exactly are altcoins, and what sorts of benefits can they offer the everyday crypto investor?

但问题仍然存在：山寨币到底是什么？它们可以为日常加密货币投资者提供哪些好处？

An altcoin is simply any cryptocurrency that isn’t Bitcoin, with the ‘Alt’ referring to ‘alternative.’

山寨币是指除比特币之外的任何加密货币，“Alt”指的是“替代品”。

It’s important to remember that Bitcoin was the very first modern cryptocurrency, so in a sense, every crypto that came after it was based on, or at least inspired by, Satoshi Nakamoto’s token.

重要的是要记住，比特币是第一个现代加密货币，因此从某种意义上说，它之后出现的每一种加密货币都基于或至少受到中本聪代币的启发。

However, Bitcoin is far from perfect and has several issues that many altcoins have seemed to address, creating an endless cycle of improvement.

然而，比特币远非完美，并且存在许多山寨币似乎已经解决的几个问题，从而创造了无限的改进循环。

Therefore, while all altcoins are based on Bitcoin’s technology, they each have their own use cases and purpose, becoming alternative coins to the token that started it all.

因此，虽然所有山寨币都基于比特币的技术，但它们都有自己的用例和目的，成为开始这一切的代币的替代币。

The term altcoin didn’t exist until Namecoin arrived in April 2011, nearly two years after Bitcoin’s launch.

直到 2011 年 4 月 Namecoin 出现，即比特币推出近两年后，“山寨币”一词才出现。

Namecoin was primarily designed as a way to decentralize the infrastructure of the internet – resisting censorship and increasing privacy and security for online users.

Namecoin 的主要设计目的是作为一种去中心化互联网基础设施的方式——抵制审查并提高在线用户的隐私和安全性。

However, it was also built directly from Bitcoin’s source code, ultimately opening the floodgates to the wave of altcoins that would emerge shortly after. Namecoin encouraged developers to tweak Bitcoin’s code for themselves, leading us into the modern age of cryptocurrency.

然而，它也是直接从比特币的源代码构建的，最终为不久之后出现的山寨币浪潮打开了大门。 Namecoin 鼓励开发人员自行调整比特币代码，引领我们进入加密货币的现代时代。

From a broad perspective, the cryptocurrency industry as we know it today couldn’t exist without altcoins. This is admittedly a pretty bold statement, but we can break it down by focusing on two central benefits of altcoins’ emergence.

从广泛的角度来看，如果没有山寨币，我们今天所知道的加密货币行业就不可能存在。诚然，这是一个相当大胆的声明，但我们可以通过关注山寨币出现的两个核心好处来分解它。

Altcoins can be created for various use cases, from granting voting power or enhancing user privacy to being used in crypto games. Therefore, having a diverse market allows crypto investors to interact with tokens in ways that Bitcoin doesn’t allow.

可以为各种用例创建山寨币，从授予投票权或增强用户隐私到在加密游戏中使用。因此，拥有多元化的市场可以让加密货币投资者以比特币不允许的方式与代币进行互动。

As a bonus, it also creates the opportunity to bulk up a portfolio with tokens built for many different and unique purposes.

作为奖励，它还创造了机会，通过为许多不同且独特的目的而构建的代币来扩大投资组合。

On the other hand, the existence of altcoins also adds to the market’s long-term survivability by helping to garner mainstream attention. Suppose we imagine just how common headlines are concerning tokens’ rising and falling value. In that case, it ultimately drives excitement and garners attention inside and outside the crypto community, ensuring the market never becomes stale or predictable.

另一方面，山寨币的存在也有助于吸引主流关注，从而增加了市场的长期生存能力。假设我们想象一下有关代币价值上涨和下跌的头条新闻是多么普遍。在这种情况下，它最终会引起兴奋并吸引加密货币社区内外的关注，确保市场永远不会变得陈旧或可预测。

As mentioned, altcoins are designed to be ‘alternatives’ to Bitcoin. This inherently means they are trying to be more appealing, primarily by using new technology.

如前所述，山寨币被设计为比特币的“替代品”。这本质上意味着他们正在努力变得更具吸引力，主要是通过使用新技术。

As a result, the arrival of altcoins has simultaneously ushered in a rise in technological improvements across the crypto ecosystem.

因此，山寨币的到来同时带动了整个加密生态系统的技术进步。

For example, Ethereum (ETH), which most people consider an altcoin, was the first to introduce smart contracts. Smart contracts allow developers to create dApps on blockchains, opening up new financial avenues for crypto investors, like lending and borrowing. Bitcoin, meanwhile, has struggled to implement them.

例如，大多数人认为是山寨币的以太坊（ETH）是第一个引入智能合约的。智能合约允许开发人员在区块链上创建 dApp，为加密货币投资者开辟新的金融途径，例如借贷。与此同时，比特币一直在努力实现这些目标。

On the other hand, Bitcoin SV has considerably ramped up transaction speeds by enhancing its block size – blocks are used to store transactions, so being bigger means more transactions can be processed at once.

另一方面，Bitcoin SV 通过增加区块大小来显着提高交易速度——区块用于存储交易，因此更大意味着可以同时处理更多交易。

Meanwhile, Peercoin in 2012 introduced the Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism. This is a method of verifying transactions on a blockchain network that is drastically more energy-efficient than Bitcoin’s Proof-of-Work (PoW).

与此同时，Peercoin在2012年引入了权益证明（PoS）共识机制。这是一种在区块链网络上验证交易的方法，比比特币的工作量证明（PoW）更加节能。

By definition, altcoins are any token other than Bitcoin, but this isn’t to suggest that all of them are the same in terms of their design and purpose. Here are some of the most popular altcoins that fall under the altcoin ‘umbrella.’

根据定义，山寨币是除比特币之外的任何代币，但这并不意味着所有代币的设计和用途都是相同的。以下是一些属于山寨币“保护伞”的最受欢迎的山寨币。

As the name implies, memecoins are tokens influenced by and named after characters and individuals from memes and pop culture. Popular examples are Dogecoin (DOGE) and Shiba Inu (SHIB), which both use the Shiba dog meme as their symbol.

顾名思义，模因币是受模因和流行文化中的人物和个人影响并以其命名的代币。流行的例子是狗狗币（DOGE）和柴犬（SHIB），它们都使用柴犬模因作为其符号。

Since they aren’t technically built for any particular use case, memecoins entirely rely on their community to raise the token’s price due to a lack of intrinsic value. Unfortunately, this has also made them easy to use as scams.

由于它们在技术上并不是针对任何特定用例而构建的，因此由于缺乏内在价值，模因币完全依赖其社区来提高代币的价格。不幸的是，这也使它们很容易被用作骗局。

Therefore, they are seen as fun, light-hearted, community-driven alternatives that tend not to be concerned with long-term investment potential like Bitcoin.

因此，它们被视为有趣、轻松、社区驱动的替代品，往往不像比特币那样关注长期投资潜力。

These tokens are pegged to a stable asset, such as the US dollar or gold, and will, therefore, maintain as closely to the original’s value as possible.

这些代币与美元或黄金等稳定资产挂钩，因此将尽可能保持原始价值。

Since stablecoins don’t harbor any volatility, many companies use them as an alternative to Bitcoin when paying employees, for example. Similarly, they are easier to use when buying real-life goods since they are essentially a digital

由于稳定币不存在任何波动性，因此许多公司在向员工支付工资时将其用作比特币的替代品。同样，它们在购买现实生活中的商品时更容易使用，因为它们本质上是数字化的