UNISWAP LABS啟動Unichain第2層區塊鏈，以FlashBots Tee為目標MEV

原始分散交易所（DEX）UNISWAP的創始人Uniswap Labs已啟動了Unichain第2層（L2）區塊鏈。

Uniswap Labs, the founder of the original decentralized exchange (DEX) Uniswap, has launched the UniChain layer 2 (L2) blockchain. Another DeFi player, the money market fund provider Ondo Finance, launched its own layer 1 blockchain last week.

原始分散交易所（DEX）UNISWAP的創始人Uniswap Labs已啟動了Unichain第2層（L2）區塊鏈。另一位Defi球員，貨幣市場基金提供商Ondo Finance上週推出了自己的第1層區塊鏈。

Fragmentation is a feature of both the permissioned and permissionless blockchain ecosystems. While there’s a different rationale for so many blockchains in the DeFi and traditional finance (TradFi) spaces, there is some overlap.

碎片是允許和無許可區塊鏈生態系統的特徵。雖然在Defi和傳統金融（Tradfi）空間中，許多區塊鏈有不同的理由，但存在一些重疊。

In TradFi, the goal of many institutions is to develop THE blockchain and have others come and use it, which ultimately is a profit motive. For DeFi the driver is often tokenomics – new chains provide revenue opportunities for the related tokens.

在Tradfi中，許多機構的目標是開發區塊鏈，並讓其他機構來使用它，這最終是一種利潤動機。對於Defi而言，駕駛員通常是令牌 - 新鍊為相關令牌提供了收入機會。

Layer 2 chains in the permissionless arena offer lower transaction costs compared to Ethereum. Uniswap users already have the option for lower cost offerings on 11 other chains.

與以太坊相比，無許可競技場中的第2層連鎖店提供的交易成本較低。 UNISWAP用戶已經可以選擇其他11條連鎖店的成本產品。

Before deciding to launch UniChain, Uniswap conducted research which found it has far more transactions on other layer 2 chains than on the Ethereum mainnet. But these are much smaller transactions.

在決定啟動Unichain之前，UNISWAP進行了研究，發現它在其他第2層鏈上的交易遠遠超過了以太坊主網。但是這些交易要小得多。

A quick look at total value locked (TVL) shows almost $3 billion on Ethereum. The second largest chain is Coinbase’s Base with almost $250 million.

快速查看總價值鎖定（TVL）顯示以太坊的近30億美元。第二大連鎖店是Coinbase的基地，近2.5億美元。

Given the whole point of an exchange is to provide liquidity, TVL matters.

鑑於交換的重點是提供流動性，TVL很重要。

“Unichain is built differently,” said Hayden Adams, Founder and CEO of Uniswap Labs. “We’re here to make DeFi faster, cheaper, more decentralized, which is why we launched Unichain to be permissionless from day one.”

Uniswap Labs的創始人兼首席執行官Hayden Adams說：“ Unichain的建造方式不同。” “我們在這裡使Defi更快，更便宜，更加分散，這就是為什麼我們從第一天開始啟動毫無許可的原因。”

In fact, many layer 2 blockchains end up sacrificing decentralization. Adams’ point is that Unichain is more-or-less decentralized from day 1, but not fully, just in case something goes wrong. [It’s a Stage 1 rollup using the Optimism Superchain].

實際上，許多第2層區塊鏈最終犧牲了權力下放。亞當斯（Adams）的觀點是，從第1天開始，Unichain或不完全分散，但並非完全，以防萬一出現問題。 [這是使用樂觀超級鏈的第1階段匯總]。

Its own L2 chain also allows it to add new features. One of them – Flashbots TEE – is interesting.

它自己的L2鏈還可以添加新功能。其中之一 - Flashbots Tee - 很有趣。

MEV and trusted execution environments (TEE)

MEV和值得信賴的執行環境（TEE）

In the traditional finance world, certain trading behavior such as front running or sandwich attacks based on insider information are often illegal.

在傳統的金融界，基於內部信息的某些交易行為，例如前跑或三明治攻擊通常是非法的。

Because permissionless blockchains are public and relatively slow, it’s possible to examine queued transactions in memory. Hence, if someone can see a big buy trade that’s likely to inflate the price of a coin, they can put their own buy order ahead of that one.

由於無許可的區塊鍊是公開的，並且相對較慢，因此可以檢查內存中的排隊交易。因此，如果有人可以看到可能會誇大硬幣價格的大買交易，那麼他們可以將自己的買入訂單提前。

This frontrunning on blockchains is referred to as maximal extractable value (MEV).

在區塊鏈上的這種frontrund被稱為最大可提取值（MEV）。

One of the latest trends is to try to limit the types of MEV transactions. There’s some appreciation that traders lose out with frontrunning and sandwich attacks.

最新趨勢之一是嘗試限制MEV交易的類型。人們對交易者的領先和三明治攻擊失敗了。

Hence, there’s a move by Flashbots, the main provider for MEV technology, to use partial transaction privacy using trusted execution environments (TEE), like Intel’s SGX hardware.

因此，MEV技術的主要提供商FlashBots採取了一種動作，它使用可信賴的執行環境（TEE）（例如Intel的SGX硬件）使用部分交易隱私。

SGX hardware is similar to secure enclaves on an iPhone which are used to store bank card data – the data is not available to the rest of the operating system.

SGX硬件類似於用於存儲銀行卡數據的iPhone上的Sceiply Enclaves - 其餘的操作系統無法使用數據。

Flashbots doesn’t want to completely eliminate MEV. It aims to hide the transaction amount and wallet address. That prevents frontrunning and sandwich attacks.

FlashBots不想完全消除MEV。它旨在隱藏交易金額和錢包地址。這樣可以防止領先者和三明治攻擊。

However, It doesn’t stop backrunning. When a large transaction moves the token price, there’s often a smaller opportunity afterward. Taking advantage of that with another trade is referred to as backrunning.

但是，它不會停止逆轉。當大型交易轉移到代幣價格時，此後通常會有一個較小的機會。利用另一個貿易的優勢被稱為抗逆轉。

So, UniChain plans to use Flashbots TEE, which will come with the handy side effect of faster transaction finality.

因此，Unichain計劃使用Flashbots Tee，這將帶來更快的交易終止的方便副作用。