Tron (TRX)：令人驚訝的成功區塊鏈

Tron（TRX）是一個不太知名但非常成功的區塊鏈。它主要因其古怪的創始人和主要的穩定幣而聞名，但還有更多值得討論的地方。讓我們徹底了解一下加密貨幣。

Tron (TRX) is a cryptocurrency that has been steadily gaining value against Bitcoin (BTC) over the past few years. If Tron is known at all, it is mostly as the blockchain on which the majority of Tether (USDT) transactions occur. This remains the most important, but not the only application of Tron.

Tron（TRX）是一種加密貨幣，在過去幾年中相對於比特幣（BTC）一直在穩步增值。如果 Tron 確實為人所知，那麼它主要是作為大多數 Tether (USDT) 交易發生的區塊鏈。這仍然是波場最重要的應用，但不是唯一的應用。

In this article, we will delve into the history of Tron, describe the technology and its successes, but also not shy away from criticism.

在本文中，我們將深入研究 Tron 的歷史，描述該技術及其成功，但也不迴避批評。

From ICO to One of the Most Used Blockchains

從 ICO 到最常用的區塊鏈之一

The history of Tron began in late 2017 with an initial coin offering (ICO) on Ethereum (ETH). The TRON Foundation, founded in Singapore, sold Tronix tokens (TRX) for approximately $77 million and promised to create a „universal credit platform for global entertainment networks.“

Tron 的歷史始於 2017 年底，當時在以太坊 (ETH) 上進行了首次代幣發行 (ICO)。成立於新加坡的 TRON 基金會以約 7700 萬美元的價格出售了 Tronix 代幣（TRX），並承諾創建一個「全球娛樂網路的通用信用平台」。

Behind Tron, then and now, is Justin Sun, who was already a well-known figure. Born in 1990, the Chinese entrepreneur had worked at Ripple since 2013 and founded a chat app in China. Forbes China listed him in their „30 under 30“ in 2015.

無論是當時還是現在，Tron 背後都是孫宇晨，他已經是一個眾所周知的人物。這位出生於1990年的中國企業家自2013年起在Ripple工作，並在中國創立了一款聊天應用程式。 2015年，他被《富比士》中國評選為「30位30歲以下傑出人物」。

Tron faced criticism almost immediately after the ICO. The whitepaper used to raise funds allegedly contained plagiarized sections from the whitepaper of the Interplanetary File System without citations. Further accusations of plagiarism soon followed, and developers from the EthereumJ client, which Tron had forked, complained about license violations.

Tron 在 ICO 後幾乎立刻就面臨批評。據稱，用於籌集資金的白皮書包含抄襲星際文件系統白皮書的部分內容，且沒有引用。很快，更多的抄襲指控隨之而來，Tron 分叉的 EthereumJ 用戶端的開發人員抱怨許可證違規。

Nonetheless, Tron evolved into one of the most used blockchains. The website now claims 257 million accounts, nearly 8.5 billion transactions, and $13.778 billion in transfers. Those who invested in the ICO have seen returns nearly 80 times their initial investment.

儘管如此，波場還是發展成為最常用的區塊鏈之一。該網站目前擁有 2.57 億個帳戶、近 85 億筆交易和 137.78 億美元的轉帳。那些投資 ICO 的人獲得的回報是初始投資的近 80 倍。

Adopting What Is Available

採用可用的東西

Let’s start with the technology. We describe it based on the Whitepaper 2.0, which reflects the current state.

讓我們從技術開始。我們根據白皮書2.0來描述它，它反映了當前的狀態。

Initially, Tron invented very little but freely borrowed from other blockchains. Essentially, Tron combined two elements that were publicly available and already well-proven during that time, 2017 and 2018.

最初，Tron 發明的東西很少，但自由地借鑒了其他區塊鏈。本質上，Tron 結合了 2017 年和 2018 年期間公開且已充分證明的兩個元素。

First, Ethereum: Tron forked Ethereum and adopted the complete Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), the environment for executing smart contracts. A significant portion of the developer work behind Ethereum ended up on Tron for free, making it compatible with any smart contract on Ethereum. A „dApp“ on Ethereum can be moved to Tron with a few clicks, and upgrades or other developments can be integrated with relatively little effort.

首先是以太坊：Tron 分叉了以太坊，並採用了完整的以太坊虛擬機（EVM），即執行智慧合約的環境。以太坊背後的開發人員工作的很大一部分最終免費在 Tron 上進行，使其與以太坊上的任何智能合約相容。只需點擊幾下滑鼠即可將以太坊上的「dApp」轉移到 Tron，並且可以相對輕鬆地整合升級或其他開發。

However, Tron changed the consensus mechanism. This is the second component. Instead of using Proof of Work (which Ethereum used at the time), Tron is based on „Delegated Proof of Stake“ (DPoS). This is a consensus mechanism that was relatively popular at the time, used by blockchains like BitShares, Steem, and Lisk. DPoS means that anyone holding a token can elect delegates who are then allowed to validate blocks.

然而，波場改變了共識機制。這是第二個組成部分。 Tron 並沒有使用工作量證明（以太坊當時使用的），而是基於「委託權益證明」（DPoS）。這是當時比較流行的共識機制，BitShares、Steem、Lisk 等區塊鏈都在使用。 DPoS 意味著任何持有代幣的人都可以選出代表，然後這些代表可以驗證區塊。

The number of validators (equivalent to miners) is deliberately kept small, specifically to 27, which benefits scalability. Thanks to the smaller number of validators, Tron can reduce the intervals between blocks to three seconds, without suffering from large latencies like other blockchains. At the same time, the election of delegates gives individual stakers at least some control. DPoS is considered a reasonable compromise between decentralization and scalability.

驗證者（相當於礦工）的數量故意保持較小，特別是 27 個，這有利於可擴展性。由於驗證器數量較少，Tron 可以將區塊之間的間隔減少到三秒，而不會像其他區塊鏈那樣遭受大延遲。同時，代表的選舉至少賦予個人利害關係人一定的控制權。 DPoS 被認為是去中心化和可擴展性之間的合理折衷。

Apart from borrowing from other projects, Tron has also integrated various innovations of its own and from other sources, sometimes from the start, and sometimes over time.

除了借鑒其他項目之外，Tron 還整合了自己和其他來源的各種創新，有時是從一開始，有時是隨著時間的推移。

Tron introduced a three-layer architecture consisting of the Storage Layer, Core Layer, and Application Layer. This modularization could simplify development and scale individual elements better. The blockchain, for instance, is stored in a LevelDB database like Bitcoin, while the state, equivalent to the UTXO set, is stored in a KhaosDB.

Tron引入了三層架構，包括儲存層、核心層和應用層。這種模組化可以簡化開發並更好地擴展各個元素。例如，區塊鏈像比特幣一樣儲存在 LevelDB 資料庫中，而狀態（相當於 UTXO 集）則儲存在 KhaosDB 中。

Later, Tron integrated native decentralized exchanges (DEX), using the rules of the Bancor protocol, a DAO on Ethereum, and created special accounts for tokens. Instead of being a dApp, the exchange of tokens is possible on the consensus level.

後來，Tron 整合了原生去中心化交易所（DEX），使用了 Bancor 協議（以太坊上的 DAO）的規則，並為代幣創建了特殊帳戶。代幣交換可以在共識層面上進行，而不是成為 dApp。

A unique feature of Tron is that it does not use „gas“ as a unit for fees like Ethereum, but two concepts: „Bandwidth Points“ and „Energy.“ Bandwidth Points are based on the size of a transaction, while Energy is based on the computational power a smart contract requires. Both can be acquired by freezing TRX tokens. According to my user experience, you always pay a fee in TRX, similar to other blockchains.

Tron 的一個獨特之處在於，它不像以太坊那樣使用「gas」作為費用單位，而是使用兩個概念：「頻寬點」和「能量」。的大小。兩者都可以透過凍結 TRX 代幣來獲得。根據我的用戶體驗，你總是用 TRX 支付費用，與其他區塊鏈類似。

Lastly, Tron adopted the „Transaction as Proof of Stake“ (TaPoS) concept from EOS, another blockchain of the time. Each transaction must include the hash of the last block header. This prevents transactions from being broadcasted on forks and guards against various attacks, such as hard forks and double spends.

最後，Tron 採用了當時另一個區塊鏈 EOS 的「交易作為權益證明」（TaPoS）概念。每個交易必須包含最後一個區塊頭的哈希值。這可以防止交易在分叉上廣播，並防止各種攻擊，例如硬分叉和雙花。

The technology of Tron is, admittedly, well-copied to form a scalable smart contract

無可否認，Tron 的技術被很好地複製以形成可擴展的智能合約