Solana 和 TON（開放網路）：兩個著名區塊鏈的比較分析

到 2024 年，Solana 和 TON（開放網路）在區塊鏈世界中的地位一飛沖天，自主網首次亮相以來，其市值創下了歷史新高。

Solana and TON (The Open Network) have emerged as two prominent blockchains in 2024, boasting record-breaking market caps since their mainnet launches. Solana has become a breeding ground for top-tier memecoins, while TON has been the go-to platform for popular crypto “tapping” projects.

Solana 和 TON（開放網路）已成為 2024 年兩個著名的區塊鏈，自主網推出以來，其市值創下了破紀錄的紀錄。 Solana 已成為頂級 memecoin 的滋生地，而 TON 已成為流行加密「竊聽」專案的首選平台。

Here's a comparative analysis of these two blockchains:

以下對這兩個區塊鏈進行比較分析：

Transaction per second (TPS)

每秒交易數 (TPS)

Solana is known for its high transaction processing speeds, with claims of handling up to 65,000 transactions per second (TPS). However, data from Solana's explorer indicates an average TPS of around 3,000, with a total of nearly 300 billion transactions processed to date. This can be partly attributed to Solana's longevity, having been launched in 2017 and undergoing several optimizations over the years.

Solana 以其高交易處理速度而聞名，據稱每秒處理高達 65,000 筆交易 (TPS)。然而，Solana 瀏覽器的數據顯示，平均 TPS 約為 3,000，迄今為止處理的交易總數接近 3,000 億筆。這在一定程度上歸因於 Solana 的長壽，它於 2017 年推出，多年來經歷了多次優化。

In contrast, TON's blockchain has a lower TPS, averaging around 100 with a total transaction count exceeding 600 million. A significant portion of these transactions occurred between March 1 and June, corresponding to the deployment of several games on the blockchain, with Notcoin leading the way.

相較之下，TON 的區塊鏈 TPS 較低，平均在 100 左右，總交易筆數超過 6 億筆。這些交易的很大一部分發生在 3 月 1 日至 6 月期間，對應於區塊鏈上的多個遊戲的部署，其中 Notcoin 處於領先地位。

Solana's block time is 0.4 seconds, while TON's is 5 seconds, denoting the time taken to validate a transaction.

Solana 的出塊時間為 0.4 秒，而 TON 的出塊時間為 5 秒，表示驗證交易所需的時間。

Consensus Algorithm

共識演算法

Solana's consensus algorithm combines proof-of-stake (PoS) and proof-of-history (PoH) mechanisms. Validators are chosen based on their stake in the network, and the leader generates a PoH sequence, which is a chronological order of events initiated on Solana. Validators then verify the PoH sequence, create checkpoints, and reach consensus on the order of transactions.

Solana 的共識演算法結合了權益證明 (PoS) 和歷史證明 (PoH) 機制。驗證者是根據他們在網路中的權益來選擇的，領導者會產生一個 PoH 序列，這是在 Solana 上發起的事件的時間順序。然後驗證者驗證 PoH 序列、建立檢查點並就交易順序達成共識。

Finally, the leader creates a block based on the consensus, which validators verify and add to the blockchain. Solana also utilizes SHA-256 in its PoH mechanism to measure the creation of blocks with the exact time.

最後，領導者根據共識創建一個區塊，驗證者驗證該區塊並將其添加到區塊鏈中。 Solana 還在其 PoH 機制中利用 SHA-256 來測量區塊創建的準確時間。

TON employs a variant of PoS called Byzantine Fault Tolerant Proof-of-Stake (BFT-PoS), which enables high transaction speeds and finality while maintaining security and decentralization. Validators are selected based on their staked cryptocurrency, and the consensus process is divided into rounds, with each round having a leader who proposes the next block.

TON 採用 PoS 的變體，稱為拜占庭容錯權益證明 (BFT-PoS)，它可以實現高交易速度和最終性，同時保持安全性和去中心化。驗證者根據其質押的加密貨幣進行選擇，共識過程分為幾輪，每輪都有一位領導者提出下一個區塊。

The leader broadcasts the proposed block to other validators, who validate it and vote on its validity. If at least two-thirds of the validators accept the block, it is finalized and added to the blockchain. Otherwise, a new leader is selected and the process repeats. BFT-PoS can tolerate Byzantine faults, where some validators may behave maliciously.

領導者將提議的區塊廣播給其他驗證者，後者對其進行驗證並對其有效性進行投票。如果至少三分之二的驗證者接受該區塊，則該區塊將最終確定並添加到區塊鏈中。否則，將選擇新的領導者並重複此過程。 BFT-PoS 可以容忍拜占庭錯誤，某些驗證者可能會做出惡意行為。

The TON blockchain uses the KECCAK-256 hash function, which is a variant of the SHA-3 hash algorithm. This choice of hash function is a significant design decision for the TON platform, as the hash function plays a crucial role in various security-critical operations within the blockchain.

TON 區塊鏈使用 KECCAK-256 雜湊函數，它是 SHA-3 雜湊演算法的變體。雜湊函數的選擇對於 TON 平台來說是一個重要的設計決策，因為雜湊函數在區塊鏈內的各種安全關鍵操作中發揮著至關重要的作用。

The choice of KECCAK-256 provides a level, not complete, of compatibility with the Ethereum ecosystem, as Ethereum also uses a KECCAK-based hash function (KECCAK-259) for many of its core operations. This compatibility can be beneficial for developers and users who are familiar with the Ethereum ecosystem and may want to interact with or build applications on the TON platform.

KECCAK-256 的選擇提供了與以太坊生態系統的一定程度（但不完全）的兼容性，因為以太坊還使用基於 KECCAK 的哈希函數 (KECCAK-259) 來進行其許多核心操作。這種相容性對於熟悉以太坊生態系統並可能希望在 TON 平台上互動或建立應用程式的開發人員和使用者來說是有益的。

Programming language

程式設計語言

Rust and C/C++ are the primary programming languages for developing on the Solana blockchain. Rust is the native and most widely used language for on-chain programs, including smart contracts. Solana was built using Rust, and its team has created a robust set of libraries and tools specifically for building blockchain applications in Rust.

Rust 和 C/C++ 是在 Solana 區塊鏈上進行開發的主要程式語言。 Rust 是鏈上程式（包括智慧合約）的原生且使用最廣泛的語言。 Solana 是使用 Rust 建立的，其團隊創建了一組強大的程式庫和工具，專門用於在 Rust 中建立區塊鏈應用程式。

However, Solana also supports Python for client-side development, but not for on-chain program development. Developers can use Python SDKs and APIs to interact with the Solana blockchain from their client applications.

不過，Solana 也支援 Python 進行客戶端開發，但不支援鏈上程式開發。開發人員可以使用 Python SDK 和 API 從客戶端應用程式與 Solana 區塊鏈進行互動。

Solana also has community-contributed SDKs that allow developers to use other programming languages, such as Java, Go, and JavaScript/TypeScript, for client-side development and interaction with the Solana blockchain.

Solana 還擁有社群貢獻的 SDK，允許開發人員使用其他程式語言（例如 Java、Go 和 JavaScript/TypeScript）進行客戶端開發以及與 Solana 區塊鏈的互動。

FunC is the primary smart contract programming language for TON. Fift is another language that was designed specifically for TON Blockchain. Tact is a high-level language for TON smart contracts similar to TypeScript and Rust. It is developed by the community.

FunC 是 TON 的主要智慧合約程式語言。 Fift 是另一種專為 TON 區塊鏈設計的語言。 Tact 是 TON 智能合約的高階語言，類似於 TypeScript 和 Rust。它是由社區開發的。

Sharding

分片

Solana does not currently support sharding, which is a technique used to improve the scalability of blockchain networks by dividing the network into smaller, more manageable pieces called shards.

Solana 目前不支援分片，分片是一種透過將網路劃分為更小、更易於管理的碎片（稱為分片）來提高區塊鏈網路可擴展性的技術。

In 2019, Solana CEO Anatoly Yakovenko expressed concerns that sharding could introduce new security risks, such as the potential for a single shard to be taken over by hackers, which could trigger a domino effect and impact the overall security of the network.

2019 年，Solana 執行長 Anatoly Yakovenko 表示擔心分片可能會帶來新的安全風險，例如單一分片可能被駭客接管，這可能引發骨牌效應並影響網路的整體安全。

However, Firedancer, an independent validator client for Solana, is designing its infrastructure to introduce sharding support on Solana. The goal is to allow the network

然而，Solana 的獨立驗證器用戶端 Firedancer 正在設計其基礎設施以在 Solana 上引入分片支援。目標是讓網絡