什麼是智能合約？它們如何工作？

智能合同是自動合同，其中將其直接寫入代碼中。智能合約會自動執行和執行所有參與者的義務

Smart contracts are small programs that run on a blockchain network and can automate and enforce the terms of an agreement between two or more parties. They are like regular contracts, but instead of being written in legal jargon and signed on paper, they are written in a programming language and stored on a blockchain.

智能合約是在區塊鍊網絡上運行的小計劃，可以自動化和執行兩個或多個政黨之間的協議條款。它們就像常規合同一樣，但是他們沒有用合法的術語寫並在紙上簽名，而是用編程語言編寫並存儲在區塊鏈上。

The potential of smart contracts lies in their ability to be fully autonomous and self-executing. Once deployed on a blockchain network, they can operate indefinitely without any human intervention, and their actions are governed entirely by the code that defines them. This autonomy is a direct consequence of the decentralized and trustless nature of blockchain technology.

智能合約的潛力在於它們具有完全自主和自我執行的能力。一旦部署在區塊鍊網絡上，它們就可以無限期地操作而無需任何人類干預，並且其行為完全受定義它們的代碼的控制。這種自治是區塊鏈技術的分散和無信任性質的直接結果。

Each transaction on a blockchain network is broadcast to all nodes, which verify the transaction using cryptography and add it to a common ledger. This process ensures the immutability of the transactions and the blockchain network, rendering any attempt at alteration or corruption practically impossible.

區塊鍊網絡上的每項交易都均廣播到所有節點，該節點使用加密掃描驗證交易並將其添加到普通分類帳中。此過程確保了交易和區塊鍊網絡的不變性，從而使任何改變或腐敗的嘗試實際上是不可能的。

To perform their functions, smart contracts can interact with external systems, such as oracles, which provide real-world data to the smart contract, or a payment gateway, which processes the transaction.

為了執行其功能，智能合約可以與外部系統（例如Oracles）進行交互，這些系統為智能合約提供現實世界數據或處理交易的支付網關。

In essence, smart contracts are a new way of thinking about and executing contracts in a digital age. They offer several advantages over traditional contracts, such as increased efficiency, transparency, and security.

從本質上講，智能合約是一種在數字時代思考和執行合同的新方式。他們提供了比傳統合同的幾個優勢，例如提高效率，透明度和安全性。

What Are the Advantages of Using Smart Contracts?

使用智能合約的優點是什麼？

Smart contracts are a new technology with the potential to revolutionize the way we do business. They offer several advantages over traditional contracts, such as increased efficiency, transparency, and security.

智能合約是一項新技術，有可能徹底改變我們的業務方式。他們提供了比傳統合同的幾個優勢，例如提高效率，透明度和安全性。

Some of the major benefits of smart contracts include:

智能合約的一些主要好處包括：

* Trust transparency

*信任透明度

* Reduction in costs by removing intermediaries

*通過刪除中介機構降低成本

* Increased speed of project execution

*提高了項目執行速度

* Immutability through the security of blockchain

*通過區塊鏈安全性不變性

However, smart contracts also have some disadvantages. For example, they can be difficult to debug and maintain, and they may not be suitable for all types of contracts.

但是，智能合約也有一些缺點。例如，它們可能很難進行調試和維護，並且可能不適合所有類型的合同。

Overall, smart contracts are a promising new technology with the potential to change the way we live and work. As the technology continues to develop, we can expect to see even more innovative and useful applications of smart contracts.

總體而言，智能合約是一項有希望的新技術，有可能改變我們的生活和工作方式。隨著技術的不斷發展，我們可以期望看到智能合約的更具創新性和有用的應用。

Smart contracts are a product of the merging of blockchain technology with the legal and technological domains. They present new possibilities for automating and executing legal agreements on a decentralized network.

智能合約是區塊鏈技術與法律和技術領域合併的產物。他們提出了在分散網絡上自動化和執行法律協議的新可能性。

Each blockchain has its own programming language for creating smart contracts. For example, the Ethereum blockchain uses Solidity, while the Cardano blockchain uses Plutus. These languages are designed to be low-level and close to the machine, enabling the creation of complex and sophisticated smart contracts.

每個區塊鏈都有自己的編程語言來創建智能合約。例如，以太坊區塊鏈使用固體性，而卡丹諾區塊鏈則使用plutus。這些語言的設計為低級並靠近機器，從而創建了複雜而復雜的智能合約。

The process of creating a smart contract begins with defining the terms of the agreement in the chosen programming language. This stage is crucial as any error or ambiguity in the code can lead to unexpected behavior or legal issues.

創建智能合約的過程始於以所選編程語言定義協議的條款。這個階段至關重要，因為代碼中的任何錯誤或歧義都可能導致意外的行為或法律問題。

Once the code is written, it is compiled and deployed to the blockchain network. This process involves broadcasting the contract code to all nodes on the network, which validate and store it in a common ledger.

編寫代碼後，將其編譯並部署到區塊鍊網絡。此過程涉及將合同代碼廣播到網絡上的所有節點，後者驗證並將其存儲在共同的分類帳中。

After deployment, the smart contract begins executing its programmed logic, typically expressed in "If/Then" statements. For example, a smart contract for a mortgage can be programmed to release the title deed to the buyer when the final installment of the mortgage is paid in full.

部署後，智能合約開始執行其編程邏輯，通常在“ if/then”語句中表達。例如，可以將抵押貸款的智能合約編程為在全額支付抵押貸款的最終部分時將所有權契據發布給買方。

Each action taken by a smart contract, such as receiving payment or transferring an asset, is recorded on the blockchain and can be viewed by anyone. This transparency is a key advantage of smart contracts, as it ensures that all parties are aware of the status of the contract at all times.

智能合約採取的每項措施（例如收到付款或轉讓資產）都記錄在區塊鏈上，任何人都可以查看。這種透明度是智能合約的關鍵優勢，因為它確保各方始終都知道合同的狀態。

Moreover, the immutability of the blockchain guarantees that the terms of the contract cannot be modified after deployment. This characteristic is essential for ensuring the reliability and enforceability of smart contracts.

此外，區塊鏈的不變性保證了合同條款在部署後不能修改。這種特徵對於確保智能合約的可靠性和可執行性至關重要。

However, the immutability of smart contracts can also be a disadvantage. If an error or vulnerability is discovered in a deployed smart contract, it cannot be patched or updated. This limitation can lead to significant financial or legal consequences, especially in cases of maliciously coded smart contracts.

但是，智能合約的不變性也可能是一個劣勢。如果在部署的智能合約中發現錯誤或漏洞，則無法修補或更新。這種限制可能會導致重大的財務或法律後果，尤其是在惡意編碼的智能合約的情況下。

Despite these challenges, smart

儘管有這些挑戰，但很聰明