推送通知退出率講述了應用程序開發人員的清醒故事。

您是否知道60％的用戶被禁用過於頻繁或無關緊要的消息時禁用推送通知？

Push notification opt-out rates tell a sobering story for app developers. Did you know that 60% of users disable push notifications when bombarded with too frequent or irrelevant messages?

推送通知退出率講述了應用程序開發人員的清醒故事。您是否知道60％的用戶被禁用過於頻繁或無關緊要的消息時禁用推送通知？

Despite being a critical component of mobile app engagement, most notification architectures don't deliver on their promise. The technology itself isn't new. Push notifications first appeared in 2009 for iOS and have since expanded across Apple iOS, Google Android, macOS, Windows, and major browsers.

儘管是移動應用程序參與度的關鍵組成部分，但大多數通知體系結構並未兌現他們的承諾。該技術本身並不新。推送通知最初是在2009年出現的iOS，此後一直在Apple iOS，Google Android，MacOS，Windows和主要瀏覽器中擴展。

What's striking, though, is how platform differences impact user behavior. Android users show approximately 91% opt-in rates compared to a mere 43% for iOS users. When done right, these notifications can boost conversion rates by up to 28% and improve daily active user retention by 20% through personalized messaging.

但是，令人驚訝的是平台差異如何影響用戶行為。 Android用戶的選擇率約為91％，而iOS用戶僅為43％。正確完成後，這些通知可以將轉化率提高28％，並通過個性化消息將每日活躍的用戶保留提高20％。

Building a notification system that works requires more than basic implementation. The architecture must handle massive message volumes without dropping communications – crucial for everything from chat applications to e-commerce platforms.

構建有效的通知系統所需的不僅僅是基本實施。該體系結構必須處理大量消息量，而不會丟棄通信 - 從聊天應用程序到電子商務平台的所有事物至關重要。

Many developers make the mistake of overlooking essential components like message queueing systems (RabbitMQ or Kafka) and proper analytics tracking. These oversights create architectures that collapse when scaled up.

許多開發人員犯了一個錯誤的錯誤，即忽略了消息排隊系統（RabbitMQ或KAFKA）和適當的分析跟踪，例如消息排隊系統。這些疏忽創造了縮放時崩潰的體系結構。

Throughout this article, we'll examine why most push notification systems break down and provide practical solutions to build resilient, scalable architectures that truly connect with your users. The difference between a good and great notification system often determines whether users engage with your app or ignore it completely.

在本文中，我們將研究為什麼大多數推送通知系統都會崩潰並提供實用的解決方案，以構建具有彈性的可擴展體系結構，從而真正與用戶聯繫。良好的通知系統和良好的通知系統之間的區別通常決定用戶是與您的應用程序互動還是完全忽略它。

Why Most Push Notification Architectures Break at Scale

為什麼大多數推送通知體系結構大規模破裂

Push notification systems fall apart at scale because developers build them for function rather than resilience. A setup that performs flawlessly with 1,000 users typically buckles when tasked with millions of daily messages. Real-world applications demand infrastructure capable of handling 100+ million registered devices with 5-10% active daily and processing 200,000+ messages per minute during peak events.

推動通知系統大規模崩潰，因為開發人員為功能而不是彈性構建它們。在每天數以百萬計的每日消息任務時，該設置與1,000個用戶無瑕，通常會帶扣。現實世界中的應用程序要求能夠處理100多個註冊設備，每天有5-10％的活動，並且在高峰事件期間每分鐘處理200,000多個消息。

Hardcoded Token Storage Without Expiry Checks

硬編碼的令牌存儲而無需過期檢查

The foundation of most failing push architectures comes down to poor token management. Developers frequently store device tokens permanently without implementing any expiration logic. This approach works initially but creates serious problems as tokens become stale when users uninstall apps or switch devices.

大多數失敗的推動體系結構的基礎取決於代幣管理差。開發人員經常在不實施任何有效期邏輯的情況下永久存儲設備令牌。這種方法最初起作用，但會造成嚴重的問題，因為當用戶卸載應用程序或交換設備時，令牌變得陳舊。

Firebase documentation confirms that any token inactive for over one month likely represents a dormant device. More concerning, after 270 days of inactivity, FCM marks tokens as expired and rejects any attempts to send to them. Without proper expiry checks, databases quickly accumulate thousands of invalid tokens, wasting server resources and distorting delivery metrics.

Firebase文檔證實，一個超過一個月的任何代幣無活動可能代表著一個休眠的設備。在不活動270天后，更多關於FCM的信息標記為已過期，並拒絕發送給它們的任何嘗試。如果沒有適當的到期檢查，數據庫很快就會積累數千個無效的令牌，浪費服務器資源和扭曲交付指標。

Effective token management requires:

有效的令牌管理需要：

Neglecting these practices invariably leads to wasted computing resources and significantly reduced delivery rates.

忽略這些做法總是會導致浪費計算資源，並大大降低交付率。

No Support for Multi-device Sync

不支持多設備同步

Today's users expect seamless experiences across multiple devices, yet many notification architectures ignore this reality. When users log in from different devices, poorly designed systems either fail to deliver messages to all endpoints or lose track of which notifications have been read.

當今的用戶期望在多個設備上無縫體驗，但是許多通知體系結構忽略了這一現實。當用戶從不同的設備登錄時，設計較差的系統要么無法向所有端點傳遞消息，要么丟失了已讀取通知的跟踪。

The challenge grows more complex because each device requires its unique token. Developer forums highlight that marking notifications as read on one device rarely syncs this status to others. When users reinstall apps or restore from backups, tokens change completely, complicating the synchronization process.

挑戰變得更加複雜，因為每個設備都需要其獨特的令牌。開發人員論壇強調，標記一台設備上讀取的通知很少會與其他狀態同步。當用戶重新安裝應用程序或從備份中還原時，令牌會完全更改，從而使同步過程變得複雜。

Modern systems must associate multiple tokens with individual users while preserving their device-specific nature. They also need robust mechanisms to track notification status across all user devices, particularly when some endpoints might be offline during important updates.

現代系統必須將多個令牌與單個用戶相關聯，同時保留其特定於設備的性質。他們還需要強大的機制來跟踪所有用戶設備上的通知狀態，尤其是在重要更新期間某些端點可能會離線時。

Lack of Message Prioritization

缺乏消息優先級

Why should all notifications receive equal treatment? Many systems process time-sensitive alerts identically to general updates. Android's FCM clearly distinguishes between normal and high-priority messages, but developers frequently overlook this critical difference.

為什麼所有通知都應該接受平等待遇？許多系統處理時間敏感的警報與一般更新相同。 Android的FCM清楚地區分了正常和高優先級信息，但是開發人員經常忽略這種關鍵差異。

High-priority messages attempt immediate delivery, even waking sleeping devices. Normal priority messages, however, may face delays during battery-saving Doze mode. Without proper prioritization, critical alerts like security warnings arrive alongside promotional messages, or worse, face significant delays.

高優先級消息嘗試立即交付，甚至喚醒睡眠設備。但是，正常的優先消息可能會在節省電池的打擊模式下面臨延遲。如果沒有適當的優先次序，就會與促銷信息一起到達諸如安全警告之類的關鍵警報，或者更糟的是面臨重大延遲。

Systems without prioritization mechanisms struggle particularly during high-volume events. During peak periods like Black Friday sales, notification infrastructure must handle thousands of messages per second. Without priority queues, essential transactional messages (such as order confirmations) get stuck behind marketing campaigns, severely degrading the user experience.

沒有優先級機制的系統尤其是在大批量事件中掙扎。在黑色星期五銷售等高峰期，通知基礎設施必須每秒處理數千條消息。沒有優先的隊列，基本的交易消息（例如訂單確認）會陷入營銷活動後面，從而嚴重降低用戶體驗。

Building effective push notification architecture demands thoughtful design beyond basic functionality. For truly scalable systems, token management, multi-device synchronization, and sophisticated message prioritization aren't optional extras—they're fundamental requirements.

構建有效的推送通知體系結構要求超出基本功能的周到設計。對於真正可擴展的系統，代幣管理，多設備同步和復雜的消息優先級不是可選的附加功能，而是他們的基本要求。

Understanding the Core Components of Push Notification Architecture

了解推送通知體系結構的核心組成部分

Push notifications might seem straightforward to end users, but behind that simple alert lies a complex web of services and protocols. Unlike email or SMS, these notifications travel through a sophisticated pathway involving three essential components working in concert. Let's examine how these pieces fit together to create a functioning notification system.

推送通知對於最終用戶來說似乎很簡單，但是在該簡單的警報後面，通知是一個複雜的服務和協議網絡。與電子郵件或SMS不同，這些通知穿越了一條複雜的途徑，涉及三個基本組件在音樂會上進行。讓我們研究這些部分如何融合在一起以創建功能性的通知系統。

Push Notification Services: APNs, FCM, WNS

推送通知服務：APN，FCM，WNS

The backbone of any notification system consists of platform-specific services acting as gatekeepers between your server and users' devices. Each major platform maintains its own distinct service:

任何通知系統的骨幹都由特定於平台的服務組成，該服務充當您的服務器和用戶設備之間的網守。每個主要平台都保持著自己獨特的服務：

Apple Push Notification Service (APNs) handles all

Apple Push Notification Service（APNS）處理所有