G20財長承諾對超級富豪徵稅

二十國集團財長在裡約熱內盧舉行會議，邁出了象徵性的一步，承諾合作更有效地對超級富豪徵稅。

The G20 finance ministers, meeting in Rio de Janeiro, took a historic step by committing to cooperate to more effectively tax the super-rich. This decision, although in its infancy, marks a turning point in the fight against global inequalities.

二十國集團財長在裡約熱內盧舉行會議，邁出了歷史性的一步，承諾合作更有效地對超級富豪徵稅。儘管這項決定還處於起步階段，但它標誌著對抗全球不平等現象的轉捩點。

Unprecedented tax cooperation in perspective

前所未有的稅務合作前景

For the first time in its history, the G20 officially recognizes the need to reform the taxation of the wealthiest. This position reflects an awareness of the harmful effects of inequalities on economic growth and social cohesion.

二十國集團歷史上首次正式承認有必要改革最富有人群的稅收。這一立場反映出人們認識到不平等對經濟成長和社會凝聚力的有害影響。

The ministers emphasized the negative impact of these disparities on economic growth and social cohesion.

部長們強調了這些差異對經濟成長和社會凝聚力的負面影響。

The declaration adopted in Rio commits member countries to “cooperate to ensure that very wealthy people are effectively taxed“. Although non-binding, this initiative paves the way for the exchange of best practices and the development of mechanisms to combat tax evasion.

裡約會議通過的宣言要求成員國「合作確保非常富有的人得到有效徵稅」。儘管不具約束力，但該倡議為交流最佳實踐和製定打擊逃稅的機制鋪平了道路。

Despite this progress, there are still many disagreements over the concrete implementation methods. The United States and Germany, in particular, oppose the idea of a global minimum tax on large fortunes, advocated by Brazil. Washington considers that taxation is primarily a matter of national sovereignty.

儘管取得了這些進展，但在具體實施方法上仍存在許多分歧。美國和德國尤其反對巴西所倡導的對巨額財富徵收全球最低稅的想法。華盛頓認為稅收主要是國家主權問題。

Other countries, such as France, South Africa, and Spain, on the other hand, support a more ambitious approach. These divergences reflect the complexity of reconciling national interests and international cooperation on tax matters.

另一方面，法國、南非和西班牙等其他國家則支持更雄心勃勃的做法。這些分歧反映了協調國家利益和國際稅務合作的複雜性。

G20, towards a restructuring of tax systems?

G20，走向稅收制度重組？

Increased taxation of the ultra-rich is seen as a means to mobilize resources to face global challenges. Kristalina Georgieva, director of the IMF, highlights the importance of “rebuilding budget reserves while addressing social and development needs“.

增加對超級富豪的稅收被視為調動資源應對全球挑戰的一種手段。國際貨幣基金組織總裁克里斯塔利娜·格奧爾基耶娃強調了「在解決社會和發展需求的同時重建預算儲備」的重要性。

This approach could notably contribute to funding the fight against climate change. According to Camila Jardim from Greenpeace, “it is outrageous to expect the ordinary taxpayer to pay for this, while the super-rich evade tax“.

這種方法可以顯著有助於資助應對氣候變遷的鬥爭。綠色和平組織的卡蜜拉賈丁表示，「指望一般納稅人為此買單，而超級富豪卻逃稅，這是令人憤慨的」。

Economist Gabriel Zucman, author of a report on the subject, sees in this declaration a first step towards a restructuring of taxation systems. He calls for going further by establishing “coordinated minimum standards” at the international level.

經濟學家加布里埃爾·祖克曼（Gabriel Zucman）是這篇主題報告的作者，他在這份聲明中看到了稅收制度重組的第一步。他呼籲進一步在國際層面建立「協調的最低標準」。

This development could mark the beginning of a fiscal rebalancing in favor of greater progressivity. However, its realization will depend on the political will of the states and their ability to overcome technical and diplomatic obstacles.

這一事態發展可能標誌著有利於更大進步性的財政再平衡的開始。然而，其實現將取決於各國的政治意願及其克服技術和外交障礙的能力。