Why the Romans Couldn't Stop the Turks

Depending on where you live, the Roman Empire’s defeat at Manzikert in 1071 means very different things. For some, it marks the beginning of the doom and gloom of Christianity versus Islam. For others, it is the triumph of the mighty Turkish warriors over what is sometimes regarded as the greatest empire in history. But did the Turks really cause the Empire's Demise? Research, Script, Drawing & Animation: @nofridaynightplans Contents 00:00 Intro 00:45 The Roman Fragmentation 02:58 Byzantium's Survival 07:00 The 6th Century's Revival 07:55 The Disaster of Justinian's Reign 11:09 The arrival of the Turks 14:03 The Arab Conquest 15:45 The Theme System 17:12 The Twenty Years' Anarchy 20:35: Iconoclasm 21:20 The Tagmata 22:24: The Macedonian Renaissance 24:13: The Dynatoi 28:46 The end of the Armenian buffer 30:34 Manzikert 35:15 Why did the Turks succeed where the Arabs failed? 38:19 Blabla Sources: Roman and Byzantine political and military history J. B. Bury. History of the Later Roman Empire. London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., 1923. War History Online. Roman to Byzantine Army Transition, Part II: warhistory.org/@msw/article/roman-to-byzantine-army-transition-part-ii World History Encyclopedia. Romanos IV Diogene: www.worldhistory.org/Romanos_IV_Diogenes/ Encyclopaedia Britannica. Battle of Manzikert: www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Manzikert EBSCO Research Starters. Byzantine–Seljuk Wars: www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/byzantine-seljuk-wars Steel Snowflake. Justinian Conquests: www.steelsnowflake.org/post/justinian-conquests Niccolò Fattori. The Policies of Nikephoros II Phokas in the Context of the Byzantine Economic Recovery. etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615976/index.pdf Encyclopaedia Britannica. Diocletian: Reorganization of the Empire: www.britannica.com/biography/Diocletian/Reorganization-of-the-empire Barbarians, steppe peoples, and diplomacy LibreTexts. Roman Relations with Barbarians. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Justin II: http://www.britannica.com/biography/Justin-II ScienceDirect. Who Were the Avars?: www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867422002677 The Avars: www.livius.org/articles/people/avars Frontier warfare and Arab foederati Ballandalus. Limes Arabicus and Saracen Foederati: The Roman-Byzantine Desert Frontier in Late Antiquity: ballandalus.wordpress.com/2015/04/19/limes-arabicus-and-saracen-foederati-the-roman-byzantine-desert-frontier-in-late-antiquity Byzantine administration and the thematic system Byzantium Blogger. A Guide to the Byzantine Empire’s Themes: Military Administrative Districts. byzantium-blogger.blog/2019/09/30/a-guide-to-the-byzantine-empires-themes-military-administrative-districts Religion, iconoclasm, and ecclesiastical power Retrospect Journal. Iconoclasm and Imperial Power: Christian Controversies in the Byzantine Empire: retrospectjournal.com/2024/11/17/iconoclasm-and-imperial-power-christian-controversies-in-the-byzantine-empire EBSCO Research Starters. Iconoclastic Controversy: www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/iconoclastic-controversy Encyclopedia.com. Iconoclasm: www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/christianity/christianity-general/iconoclasm Efthymios Rizos. Sixth-Century Asia Minor through the Lens of Hagiography: Ecclesiastical Power and Institutions in City and Countryside ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9a9ea14c-1de8-4969-85a0-b3ccd40d918f Economy, land, and church property Radostin Vazov. Economic Relationships Between Atonian Monasteries and Byzantium Emperors: The Beginning of Modern Corporate Business Models and Strategies Kostis Smyrlis. The State, the Land and Private Property: Confiscating Church and Monastic Properties in the Palaiologan Period, In Church and Society in Late Byzantium, edited by Dimiter Angelov. Medieval Institute Publications, 2009. Cambridge University Press. Land and Privilege in Byzantium: Origins: www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/land-and-privilege-in-byzantium/origins Cambridge University Press. Aspects of the Decline of the Urban Aristocracy in the Empire. In Cities, Peasants and Food in Classical Antiquity: http://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cities-peasants-and-food-in-classical-antiquity/aspects-of-the-decline-of-the-urban-aristocracy-in-the-empire Emperors and imperial reforms Encyclopaedia Britannica. Leo III: http://www.britannica.com/biography/Leo-III) Encyclopaedia Britannica. Leo III: Legal and Other Accomplishments: www.britannica.com/biography/Leo-III/Legal-and-other-accomplishments Maps: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Droysen_-_Ostr%C3%B6misches_Reich.jpg Music "LIBERATION FORCES" - Ghostrifter Avalon "Infados" - Kevin MacLeod " Fire and Thunder" - Cjbeards "Accralate" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/