How does auto-deleveraging work?

What Is Auto-Deleveraging in Crypto Derivatives?

Auto-deleveraging (ADL) is a mechanism used by certain cryptocurrency exchanges to manage risk when a trader’s position is liquidated and there isn’t enough insurance fund or equity to cover the loss. This typically happens in perpetual futures markets where traders use leverage. When a position is auto-deleveraged, the exchange forcibly closes offsetting positions from profitable traders—usually those with the highest leverage—to absorb the loss. This ensures the market remains solvent without requiring external bailouts. ADL only activates when the insurance fund is exhausted, making it a last-resort risk mitigation tool.

Why Do Exchanges Use Auto-Deleveraging?

Exchanges implement ADL to prevent systemic insolvency in extreme market conditions—like flash crashes or rapid price movements—that can cause cascading liquidations. Without ADL, losses from undercollateralized positions would fall entirely on the platform or its insurance fund. If those are depleted, the entire market could become imbalanced or even halted. ADL distributes the loss across the most vulnerable profitable positions, maintaining market integrity and avoiding socialized loss models that penalize all traders equally.

How Does the ADL Ranking System Work?

When ADL triggers, the exchange doesn’t randomly select positions to close. Instead, it ranks profitable traders based on two key criteria:

• Profitability: Only traders in profit are eligible for ADL.
• Leverage used: Higher-leverage positions are prioritized because they are riskier and contribute more to systemic instability.

  This means a trader with 50x leverage and a small profit might be closed before a trader with 5x leverage and a large profit—even if the latter has more equity at stake.

  Step-by-Step: How Auto-Deleveraging Executes

  When a liquidation cannot be absorbed by the insurance fund, the exchange initiates ADL in this sequence:
• Identify the liquidated position and calculate the loss that must be covered.
• Filter profitable counterparties on the opposite side of the trade (e.g., if a long is liquidated, look for profitable shorts).
• Rank eligible positions by profit percentage and leverage, prioritizing those with the highest leverage.
• Close positions incrementally until the loss is fully covered—this may affect multiple traders.
• Notify affected users via email or in-app alerts, often with timestamps and trade details.

  This process is automated and happens in milliseconds during volatile conditions.

  How to Avoid Being Auto-Deleveraged

  Traders can reduce ADL risk through proactive position management:
• Use lower leverage (e.g., 5x–10x instead of 25x+) to stay off the ADL priority list.
• Monitor your ADL rank—some exchanges (like Bybit or BitMEX) display a real-time ADL indicator in your position details.
• Avoid holding large profitable positions during high volatility, especially around major news events or macroeconomic data releases.
• Set take-profit orders to lock in gains before you become a high-priority target for ADL.

  If your ADL rank is red or orange, consider reducing position size or closing the trade manually.

  What Happens to Your Funds After ADL?

  When your position is auto-deleveraged, the exchange closes it at the mark price—not the last traded price—to ensure fairness and avoid manipulation. You retain your initial margin and any unrealized profit up to the point of closure. However, the forced closure means you lose the opportunity to manage the exit yourself. Your P&L is settled immediately, and the remaining equity is returned to your wallet. No additional fees are charged beyond standard taker fees for the forced close.

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  Frequently Asked Questions

  Q: Can I see in advance if my position is at risk of ADL?Yes. Many exchanges show an ADL level or tier in your open position details. For example, “ADL Level 3” means you’re in the top 20% of targets if ADL activates. Monitor this in real time—especially during high volatility or when holding large profitable positions.

  Q: Does ADL happen on spot markets or only derivatives?ADL only occurs in leveraged derivatives markets like perpetual futures or inverse futures. Spot trading doesn’t involve margin or liquidation mechanics, so ADL is irrelevant there.

  Q: If I’m in profit but use low leverage, will I still be ADL’d?It’s unlikely. Low leverage (e.g., 2x–5x) places you at the bottom of the ADL queue. The system prioritizes high-leverage, profitable positions first. Even if ADL runs through the entire list, low-leverage traders are often untouched unless losses are catastrophic.

  Q: Is ADL the same as forced liquidation?No. Forced liquidation happens when your margin falls below the maintenance level—you lose your position due to your own risk. ADL happens to other traders when someone else’s liquidation can’t be covered—it’s a systemic risk tool, not a personal one.