ZKM：统一区块链上碎片化的流动性

在这次富有洞察力的讨论中，ZKM 首席执行官 Kevin Liu 阐述了该项目的起源及其增强区块链互操作性的使命。

Kevin Liu, the CEO of ZKM, recently sat down with CoinDesk to discuss the project's genesis, its mission to enhance blockchain interoperability, and how Ethereum's influence has shaped ZKM's strategic expansion plans. Here's a summary of the key points from the discussion:

ZKM 首席执行官 Kevin Liu 最近接受 CoinDesk 采访，讨论了该项目的起源、其增强区块链互操作性的使命，以及以太坊的影响力如何塑造 ZKM 的战略扩张计划。以下是讨论要点的摘要：

Coming from a technical background, I realized the power of blockchain technology early on. However, it wasn't until the bear market of 2018 that I made a meaningful contribution to the sector by co-founding Token Economy Labs to study tokenomics. But it was the beginning of a deeper dive into the crypto space. As I gained a better understanding of the space, its vast potential, and what is limiting the industry from going forward, I co-founded the Ethereum Layer 2 Rollup platform Metis.

来自技术背景的我很早就意识到了区块链技术的力量。然而，直到 2018 年熊市，我才通过共同创立代币经济实验室来研究代币经济学，为该行业做出了有意义的贡献。但这是更深入研究加密货币领域的开始。随着我对该领域、其巨大潜力以及限制该行业发展的因素有了更好的了解，我共同创立了以太坊 Layer 2 Rollup 平台 Metis。

Ethereum has been critical to blockchain adoption by enabling the world to gain better access to financial services. While fundamentally important to the entire blockchain industry, the platform has issues that need to be tackled, which led to the creation of Metis and, later, ZKM in early 2023.

以太坊使世界能够更好地获得金融服务，这对于区块链的采用至关重要。虽然该平台对整个区块链行业至关重要，但也存在需要解决的问题，这导致了 Metis 的创建，以及后来在 2023 年初创建的 ZKM。

At ZKM, we have designed an interoperability network to unify the fragmented liquidity across blockchains based on our zero-knowledge virtual machine and decentralized sequencers. Our initial focus was on the development of what we term a 'Hybrid Rollup,' which is an upgrade of Metis and other Optimistic Rollups to a hybrid OP+ZK model. But we soon realized the potential of our zkVM, zkMIPS, extends far beyond that.

在 ZKM，我们设计了一个互操作性网络，基于我们的零知识虚拟机和去中心化排序器来统一跨区块链的碎片化流动性。我们最初的重点是开发我们所说的“混合 Rollup”，这是 Metis 和其他 Optimistic Rollup 到混合 OP+ZK 模型的升级。但我们很快意识到 zkVM、zkMIPS 的潜力远远不止于此。

So, Ethereum is your sole focus?

那么，以太坊是您唯一的关注点吗？

While Ethereum has previously been central to our efforts, our vision extends far beyond it. We believe in a multi-chain future and aim to create a universal settlement network, using our zkVM and associated tech stack to provide a single, VM-agnostic solution to streamline interoperability and unite the fragmented blockchain world.

虽然以太坊此前一直是我们努力的核心，但我们的愿景远远超出了它。我们相信多链的未来，并致力于创建一个通用的结算网络，使用我们的 zkVM 和相关技术堆栈提供单一的、与 VM 无关的解决方案，以简化互操作性并统一分散的区块链世界。

Existing interoperability solutions have only added complexity and insecurity for users. Traditionally, connecting different blockchain networks requires third-party 'bridges' to mediate transactions, creating potential risks in security, as demonstrated by numerous bridge hacks. We pioneered an interoperability design, termed 'Entangled Rollups,' which removes these risks by establishing direct connections between blockchains in a decentralized manner, allowing secure and direct exchanges without the use of intermediaries.

现有的互操作性解决方案只会增加用户的复杂性和不安全性。传统上，连接不同的区块链网络需要第三方“桥梁”来调解交易，从而造成潜在的安全风险，正如众多桥梁黑客攻击所证明的那样。我们首创了一种互操作性设计，称为“纠缠汇总”，它通过以去中心化的方式在区块链之间建立直接连接来消除这些风险，从而无需使用中介即可进行安全和直接的交换。

In short, our focus now encompasses all blockchains; on connecting them seamlessly and with a level of security that is unparalleled. Our ultimate goal is to unify the fragmented liquidity across multiple blockchain ecosystems completely.

简而言之，我们现在的重点涵盖了所有区块链；无缝连接它们并具有无与伦比的安全级别。我们的最终目标是彻底统一多个区块链生态系统中碎片化的流动性。

What about Bitcoin, which is seeing a lot of buzz and activity lately?

比特币怎么样，最近出现了很多热议和活动？

Bitcoin is certainly no exception, on the contrary actually. I've been a close follower of Bitcoin since the early days, and it's, by and large, the most well-established blockchain in the space. But just as with Ethereum, Bitcoin has its problems with scaling, and high transaction fees often deem it impractical as a global P2P network. Realizing the need for a scaling solution that inherits the native security of Layer 1, we naturally decided to develop a uniquely innovative Bitcoin L2 as the first implementation of our Entangled Rollup design. After all, our goal is to position ZKM as the Universal Settlement Network for all blockchains, and what better place to start than Bitcoin?

比特币当然也不例外，事实恰恰相反。从早期开始，我一直是比特币的忠实追随者，总的来说，它是该领域最成熟的区块链。但与以太坊一样，比特币也存在扩容问题，而高昂的交易费用往往使其作为全球 P2P 网络变得不切实际。意识到需要一个继承 Layer 1 原生安全性的扩展解决方案，我们自然决定开发一个独特的创新比特币 L2，作为我们 Entangled Rollup 设计的第一个实现。毕竟，我们的目标是将 ZKM 定位为所有区块链的通用结算网络，还有什么比比特币更好的起点呢？

This Bitcoin L2 will be supported with the entire Entangled Rollup framework and from the zkVM level, so both native security and sustainable yield will be its key features. This means that BTC holders can support the decentralized sequencer nodes on the main Bitcoin blockchain to secure and batch the transactions on the Bitcoin L2, potentially earning transaction revenue and mining rewards.

这个比特币 L2 将得到整个 Entangled Rollup 框架和 zkVM 级别的支持，因此本机安全性和可持续收益将是其关键特性。这意味着 BTC 持有者可以支持主比特币区块链上的去中心化排序器节点，以保护和批量处理比特币 L2 上的交易，从而有可能获得交易收入和挖矿奖励。

Furthermore, interconnection with Entangled Rollups can endow Bitcoin with a level of interoperability that was previously deemed unachievable, enabling BTC assets to move smoothly and securely to and from other ecosystems like Ethereum, Cosmos, Ton, and many more.

此外，与 Entangled Rollups 的互连可以赋予比特币一定程度的互操作性，这在以前被认为是无法实现的，使 BTC 资产能够平稳、安全地进出其他生态系统，如以太坊、Cosmos、Ton 等。

So, what's at the core of ZKM? What technical specifications back up your grand vision and mission statement?

那么，ZKM 的核心是什么？哪些技术规格支持您的宏伟愿景和使命宣言？

As I previously mentioned, we have developed zkMIPS, an advanced general-purpose zkVM designed to verify on-chain that an MIPS program was correctly executed off-chain. It's composed of a sophisticated Prover to execute the MIPS program, a simple Verifier, and an equivalent verifier smart contract. In the context of our Entangled Rollups architecture, zkMIPS is used to verify the correctness of blockchain transactions, verify smart contract function calls, and validate new rollup states.

正如我之前提到的，我们开发了 zkMIPS，这是一种先进的通用 zkVM，旨在在链上验证 MIPS 程序是否在链下正确执行。它由一个执行 MIPS 程序的复杂证明者、一个简单的验证者和一个等效的验证者智能合约组成。在我们的 Entangled Rollups 架构中，zkMIPS 用于验证区块链交易的正确性、验证智能合约函数调用以及验证新的 Rollup 状态。

Because most off-chain and on-chain programming languages can be compiled down to MIPS, zkMIPS can execute computations regardless of the differences in blockchain virtual machines and their respective programming languages, which is one of the key reasons why this technology is optimal for facilitating blockchain interoperability. Additionally, Zero-knowledge proofs are the most secure and efficient way to facilitate message passing because they enable transactions to be processed off-chain, and the resulting transaction data can be quickly verified on-chain in a way

由于大多数链下和链上编程语言都可以编译成MIPS，因此无论区块链虚拟机及其各自编程语言的差异如何，zkMIPS都可以执行计算，这也是该技术最适合促进计算的关键原因之一。区块链互操作性。此外，零知识证明是促进消息传递的最安全、最有效的方式，因为它们使交易能够在链外处理，并且可以通过某种方式在链上快速验证生成的交易数据