Web3适用于我们其他人：一个简单的区块链，智能合约和DAPP的指南

区块链技术记录每个人都可以检查的链接块中的每个交易。本指南将以明确的步骤来解释区块链，智能合约，分散应用程序和数字钱包，因此您可以探索Web 30而不会混淆。作者：彼得·泽伦卡（Peter Zelenka）。更新：2023年4月18日。

In the bustling crypto chat, where terms like blockchain and smart contracts are casually tossed about, it's easy to feel lost if you're just starting your Web3 journey. Imagine someone mentioning a "DeFi protocol" or a "non-fungible token" and your mind blankly stalls, desperately seeking the "Beginners Guide to Crypto."

在繁华的加密聊天中，诸如区块链和智能合约之类的术语被随便扔掉，如果您刚刚开始Web3旅程，就很容易感到迷失。想象一下，有人提到“ Defi协议”或“不可杀死的令牌”，而您的头脑茫然地停下来，拼命寻求“加密初学者指南”。

But fear not, for this guide will gently unravel the mysteries of blockchain, smart contracts, decentralized applications, and digital wallets in clear steps. We'll slash the gunk of jargon and untangle concepts like decentralization and dApps to seamlessly integrate into the fabric of Ethereum.

但是，不要担心，因为本指南将在明确的步骤中轻轻揭开区块链，智能合约，分散应用程序和数字钱包的奥秘。我们将削减行话和解散概念（例如权力中心化和dapps）的笨拙概念，以无缝整合到以太坊的结构中。

Visualize a potluck where no chef owns the recipe, and people store information on a distributed ledger in a peer-to-peer network (P2P), not on central servers. They guard their digital wallet keys and run code through smart contracts on a public blockchain network.

在没有厨师拥有该食谱的地方可视化一个potluck，人们将信息存储在点对点网络（P2P）中，而不是中央服务器上。他们在公共区块链网络上通过智能合约来保护数字钱包键并运行代码。

Anyone can build or join decentralized apps with no gatekeepers. They can swap ERC-20 tokens, mint non-fungible tokens, or try DeFi with a hardware wallet. This new web gives users control of data and cuts out the middleman.

任何人都可以在没有看门人的情况下构建或加入分散的应用程序。它们可以交换ERC-20代币，薄荷薄荷的不可杀菌令牌，也可以用硬件钱包尝试Defi。这个新的网络为用户提供了对数据的控制并削减了中间人。

Now, let's break down the differences between Web1, Web2, and Web3.

现在，让我们分解Web1，Web2和Web3之间的差异。

Web1.0, born in the 1990s, let people only read static pages on the world wide web. Developers used early web development tools to craft basic websites.

Web1.0出生于1990年代，让人们只能在万维网上阅读静态页面。开发人员使用早期的Web开发工具来制作基本网站。

Then, Google, Facebook, and Amazon shaped Web2.0, filling feeds with posts, targeted ads, and rich media. They held all user data on central servers and steered digital experiences.

然后，Google，Facebook和Amazon塑造了Web2.0，并用帖子，有针对性的广告和丰富的媒体填充提要。他们持有中央服务器上的所有用户数据并转向数字体验。

A new era hands control back to people. It runs on a public blockchain network that powers smart contracts and dApps in the Ethereum Virtual Machine. Users store assets in digital wallets and swap tokens or cryptocurrencies on decentralized exchanges. They tap into decentralized finance, join yield farming, or mint non-fungible tokens for art. Platforms support supply chain management, decentralized identity, and digital democracy.

一个新时代的手控制回到人们。它在一个公共区块链网络上运行，该网络为以太坊虚拟机中的智能合约和DAPP提供动力。用户将资产存储在数字钱包中，并在分散交易所交换代币或加密货币。他们利用分散的金融，加入养殖养殖或薄荷污染物的艺术品。平台支持供应链管理，分散的身份和数字民主。

Now, let's introduce core concepts: blockchain, decentralization, and dApps.

现在，让我们介绍核心概念：区块链，权力下放和DAPP。

Blockchain forms the backbone of Web3 as a transparent, tamper-proof digital ledger. It logs every Bitcoin move, token swap, and NFT mint on public blockchains. A single block change needs new proofs across the network, so no one can cheat records.

区块链形成Web3的骨干，作为透明的防篡改数字分类帐。它可以在公共区块链上记录每个比特币移动，代币交换和NFT薄荷。单个块更改需要整个网络上的新证明，因此没有人可以作弊记录。

Decentralization shifts control to people, not big firms, and it fuels Web3's digital democracy. dApps run on blockchain networks, powered by smart contracts, and they serve shopping, gaming, or DeFi needs. People tap a digital wallet, guard private keys, then swap tokens or trade on decentralized exchanges.

权力下放将控制权转移到了人们，而不是大公司，并为Web3的数字民主提供了助理。 DAPPS在区块链网络上运行，由智能合约提供支持，并提供购物，游戏或Defi的需求。人们点击数字钱包，防护私钥，然后交换令牌或交易分散交易所。

I'll break down chain ledgers and digital cash in plain talk to kickstart your defi or NFT journey. Dig into our hands-on guides, grab node.js snippets, and run smart scripts in minutes.

我将在简单的谈话中分解链分类帐和数字现金，以启动您的defi或nft旅程。挖掘我们的动手指南，获取Node.js片段，并在几分钟内运行智能脚本。

1. Blockchain

1。区块链

Imagine a chain of clear blocks. Each block holds a list of transactions. The chain links blocks by date to keep order. The ledger stays open for all to see. People cannot change past entries.

想象一下一连串的透明块。每个块都包含交易列表。链条链接按日期封锁以保留订单。分类帐留下来供所有人看。人们不能改变过去的条目。

Ethereum uses this type of ledger to run smart contracts. Developers call the chain through APIs or a JavaScript runtime script. You store funds in a digital wallet. Decentralized exchanges tap that data to swap tokens.

以太坊使用这种类型的分类帐来运行智能合约。开发人员通过API或JavaScript运行时脚本调用链条。您将资金存储在数字钱包中。分散的交换点击该数据以交换令牌。

2. Smart Contracts

2。智能合约

Self-executing code sits on a blockchain and acts like a vending machine for money. You drop crypto, and it spits out a non-fungible token, token or Ether, no clerk in sight. Smart contracts power dApps on Ethereum and fuel decentralized finance [defi] by cutting middlemen and slashing fees.

自我执行的代码位于区块链上，就像售货机一样。您放下加密货币，然后吐出一个不可杀死的令牌，令牌或以太，看不见的店员。 Smart Contract Contract Contract Power在以太坊和燃料分散的金融[Defi]上进行削减，通过削减中间人和削减费用。

Your digital wallet talks straight to the chain, and code locks in deals with digital signatures. Coders write contracts in Solidity or use server-side runners like Node.js to test them. They deploy on the Ethereum Virtual Machine with tools from the Ethereum Foundation. Each swap on a decentralized exchange, loan to a liquidity provider or mint of a non-fungible token logs on-chain for blockchain security and transparency.

您的数字钱包直接与链条进行对话，并与数字签名交易中的代码锁定。编码人员以坚固性或使用Node.js（例如JS）来测试合同。他们使用以太坊基金会的工具在以太坊虚拟机上部署。每次交换，分散的交易所，向流动性提供商贷款或造币厂的薄荷，以链接链上的链接链，以获得区块链安全性和透明度。

No single server holds the data, so hackers hit a solid wall, and users keep control.

没有一个服务器持有数据，因此黑客撞到了坚固的墙壁，用户保持控制。

3. Decentralized Applications [dApps]

3。分散申请[DAPPS]

Some decentralized exchanges and NFT marketplaces run on Ethereum chains. They live on blockchain networks, not on single servers. Each dApp uses smart contracts to handle data with clear rules.

一些分散的交流和NFT市场在以太坊链上运行。它们生活在区块链网络上，而不是单个服务器上。每个DAPP都使用智能合约来处理具有明确规则的数据。

You open a digital wallet, enter a seed phrase, and you can trade tokens and cryptocurrencies on a decentralized exchange.

您打开一个数字钱包，输入种子短语，然后可以通过分散的交换交易代币和加密货币。

Artists mint non-fungible tokens [nfts] on marketplace dApps. Defi platforms let you lend or borrow digital coins without a bank. The code runs by itself, so no one can flip the switch.

艺术家在市场dapps上造成不可杀死的代币[NFTS]。 Defi平台可让您在没有银行的情况下借入或借用数字硬币。该代码单独运行，因此没有人可以翻转开关。

Users see every move on the chain, and that builds integrity.

用户看到链条上的每一步，这会建立完整性。

4. Tokens and Cryptocurrencies

4。令牌和加密货币

A cryptocurrency acts as digital cash on a network. You store it in a digital wallet. Bitcoin and Ethereum rank at the top

加密货币在网络上充当数字现金。您将其存储在数字钱包中。比特币和以太坊排名最高