Vitalik Buterin 推出反相关质押计划以促进以太坊去中心化

以太坊的 Vitalik Buterin 引入了“反相关激励”计划，以增强质押的去中心化。该提案旨在惩罚频繁出错的验证者，解决去中心化区块链环境中重复错误的问题。通过阻止相关故障，该计划旨在促进真正的去中心化并确保网络的弹性和运营效率。

Ethereum Proposes Anti-Correlation Incentive to Enhance Staking Decentralization

以太坊提出反相关激励以增强 Stake 去中心化

In a recent blog post, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin unveiled an "anti-correlation incentive" program aimed at bolstering decentralization in proof-of-stake (PoS) staking. The proposal, designed to penalize validators for "mundane failures" such as missed attestations, seeks to mitigate the risks associated with correlated failures in blockchain environments.

在最近的一篇博客文章中，以太坊联合创始人 Vitalik Buterin 公布了一项“反相关激励”计划，旨在促进权益证明（PoS）质押的去中心化。该提案旨在惩罚验证者的“普通故障”（例如错过证明），旨在减轻与区块链环境中相关故障相关的风险。

Rationale for Anti-Correlation Incentives

反相关激励的基本原理

Buterin's proposal was driven by the observation that in decentralized networks, mistakes made by individual actors tend to be replicated by other actors under their control. This replication of errors can undermine the intended decentralization goals by creating clusters of validators that exhibit correlated behavior.

Buterin 的提议是基于这样的观察：在去中心化网络中，个体参与者所犯的错误往往会被其控制下的其他参与者复制。这种错误的复制可能会通过创建表现出相关行为的验证器集群来破坏预期的去中心化目标。

To address this issue, the anti-correlation incentive program aims to discourage such correlated failures by imposing penalties on validators that engage in repeated misbehavior. This approach, Buterin argues, "could potentially undermine the intended effect of promoting genuine decentralization by incentivizing superficial compliance with the anti-correlation mechanisms rather than encouraging a broader distribution of validation power."

为了解决这个问题，反相关激励计划旨在通过对重复不当行为的验证者进行惩罚来阻止此类相关失败。 Buterin 认为，这种方法“可能会通过激励表面上遵守反相关机制而不是鼓励更广泛的验证权力分配来破坏促进真正去中心化的预期效果。”

Implementation of the Penalty Program

处罚方案的实施

The penalty program will impose escalating punishments on bad actors whose misbehavior is replicated. Similar to the existing slashing mechanism in Ethereum, these penalties will initially only be applied in severe attack scenarios. However, the new proposal seeks to expand the program's applicability to include routine operational activities.

惩罚计划将对那些重复不当行为的不良行为者施加逐步升级的惩罚。与以太坊现有的削减机制类似，这些惩罚最初只会适用于严重的攻击场景。然而，新提案旨在扩大该计划的适用范围，以包括日常业务活动。

Buterin emphasizes the importance of targeting large stakers, who may operate multiple validators on the same infrastructure and thus pose a greater risk of disproportionate correlated failures. By diluting the impact of correlated penalties through investments in diverse setups, these actors could potentially maintain their economies of scale while appearing decentralized.

Buterin 强调了针对大型利益相关者的重要性，他们可能在同一基础设施上运行多个验证器，从而带来不成比例的相关失败的更大风险。通过对不同设置的投资来稀释相关处罚的影响，这些参与者可能会在看似分散的同时保持其规模经济。

Balancing Decentralization and Efficiency

平衡权力下放和效率

Buterin acknowledges the need to strike a balance between operational efficiency and decentralization. The penalty mechanisms, he assures, will be tailored to target large validators while minimizing the impact on smaller participants. By combining the anti-correlation incentive program with other measures, Ethereum aims to enhance the network's overall resilience and decentralization without compromising operational efficiency.

Buterin 承认需要在运营效率和权力下放之间取得平衡。他保证，惩罚机制将针对大型验证者进行定制，同时最大限度地减少对小型参与者的影响。通过将反相关激励计划与其他措施相结合，以太坊旨在在不影响运营效率的情况下增强网络的整体弹性和去中心化性。

Conclusion

结论

Ethereum's anti-correlation incentive program represents a novel approach to addressing the challenges associated with decentralized staking. By incentivizing validators to avoid correlated failures, the proposal seeks to strengthen the network's security and promote a more equitable distribution of validation power. The implementation of this program marks a significant step in Ethereum's ongoing efforts to optimize its PoS consensus mechanism and enhance the overall robustness of the blockchain ecosystem.

以太坊的反相关激励计划代表了一种解决与去中心化质押相关挑战的新颖方法。通过激励验证者避免相关故障，该提案旨在加强网络的安全性并促进验证权力的更公平分配。该计划的实施标志着以太坊在优化 PoS 共识机制、增强区块链生态系统整体稳健性方面迈出了重要一步。