投资 Vanguard S&P 500 ETF (VOO) 以获得最大回报的终极指南

标准普尔 500 指数一直在飙升，今年有望上涨 25%，这促使许多投资者思考如何参与这一行动。

The S&P 500's stellar performance this year -- it's up 25% -- has a lot of investors thinking about how they might get in on the action. After all, if you invest in the S&P 500, you're taking positions in the top companies driving today's economy. That's a great way to set yourself up for an investing win. On top of that, the S&P 500 has shown its strength over time, generating an annualized average return of more than 10% since its debut as a 500-company index. So long-term investors have benefited by betting on the benchmark.

标准普尔 500 指数今年的出色表现（上涨了 25%）让很多投资者思考如何参与这一行动。毕竟，如果您投资标准普尔 500 指数，您就是在推动当今经济发展的顶级公司中持有头寸。这是让自己获得投资胜利的好方法。最重要的是，标准普尔 500 指数随着时间的推移显示出其实力，自作为 500 强公司指数首次亮相以来，年化平均回报率超过 10%。因此，长期投资者通过押注基准指数而受益。

Of course, it's pretty difficult and expensive to buy all 500 stocks in the index -- but you don't have to do that to access all of these exciting players across industries. Instead, you can pick up shares of an exchange-traded fund (ETF) that will do the job for you. A great, low-cost example is the Vanguard S&P 500 ETF (NYSEMKT: VOO), a fund that tracks the performance of the benchmark. Here's the ultimate guide to investing in this ETF for maximum returns.

当然，购买该指数中的全部 500 只股票是相当困难且昂贵的 - 但您不必这样做才能接触到跨行业的所有这些令人兴奋的参与者。相反，您可以购买交易所交易基金 (ETF) 的股票，它可以为您完成这项工作。一个很好的低成本例子是 Vanguard S&P 500 ETF（NYSEMKT：VOO），这是一款跟踪基准表现的基金。这是投资该 ETF 以获得最大回报的终极指南。

An easy investment

简单的投资

Let's start off by taking a quick look at ETF investing in general. These funds make easy investments for you for two reasons. First, they trade daily throughout trading sessions just like a stock -- and you can buy them as you would a stock. So, the logistics of buying or selling is easy and familiar for stocks investors. Second, they offer you immediate access to a vast number of stocks -- so you gain instant diversification across one particular industry in the case of a themed ETF, like biotech for example, or diversification across the entire stock market if you choose a product like the Vanguard S&P 500 ETF.

让我们首先快速浏览一下 ETF 投资的总体情况。这些基金可以让您轻松进行投资，原因有二。首先，它们在整个交易时段每天都在交易，就像股票一样——您可以像购买股票一样购买它们。因此，买卖的流程对于股票投资者来说是简单且熟悉的。其次，它们让您可以立即接触大量股票，因此，如果您选择主题 ETF（例如生物科技），您可以立即获得跨特定行业的多元化投资，或者如果您选择像这样的产品，则可以实现整个股票市场的多元化投资先锋标准普尔 500 ETF。

One point that separates ETFs from stocks is management fees, as expressed through the expense ratio. These generally are minimal but be sure to choose an ETF with an expense ratio of less than 1% in order to maximize your potential for gains over time.

ETF 与股票的区别之一是管理费，以费用比率表示。这些通常是最小的，但一定要选择费用比率低于 1% 的 ETF，以便随着时间的推移最大限度地发挥您的收益潜力。

Now, let's consider the Vanguard S&P 500 ETF. With an expense ratio of only 0.03%, it fits our cost criteria. The fund invests in S&P 500 companies to mimic the composition of the index and therefore deliver the same performance. Today, the most heavily weighted industry in the index and the ETF is information technology, with a weighting of more than 31%, and top holdings in the ETF include Apple (NASDAQ: AAPL), Nvidia (NASDAQ: NVDA), and Microsoft (NASDAQ: MSFT), each with weightings of more than 6%.

现在，让我们考虑一下 Vanguard S&P 500 ETF。费用率仅为0.03%，符合我们的成本标准。该基金投资于标准普尔 500 指数公司，以模仿该指数的构成，从而实现相同的业绩。如今，该指数和 ETF 中权重最大的行业是信息技术，权重超过 31%，ETF 中持仓最多的包括苹果 (NASDAQ: AAPL)、英伟达 (NASDAQ: NVDA) 和微软 (NASDAQ: NVDA)。纳斯达克股票代码：MSFT），各权重均超过 6%。

But the ETF includes 10 other industries, so by investing, you're gaining exposure to a wide variety of sectors and companies. And the great thing about such an ETF is it evolves with its environment -- if one day another industry drives more growth than technology, the S&P 500 and the ETF will reflect this. So, by investing in the Vanguard ETF, you'll always be invested in the major companies of the times.

但 ETF 还包括其他 10 个行业，因此通过投资，您将获得广泛的行业和公司的投资机会。这种 ETF 的伟大之处在于它会随着环境而发展——如果有一天另一个行业的增长速度超过了科技行业，标准普尔 500 指数和 ETF 将反映出这一点。因此，通过投资 Vanguard ETF，您将始终投资于时代的主要公司。

Investing regularly over time

随着时间的推移定期投资

So, how should you invest in this ETF to maximize returns? I favor investing regularly in it over time to benefit from the magic of compounding. Let's consider an example, with the idea that the S&P 500 will continue its historic trend of annualized 10% gains. If you make an initial investment of $1,000 in the Vanguard ETF, then add $300 to it monthly for 35 years, the total value of your investment at the end of the period would be more than $1 million.

那么，应该如何投资这只ETF才能最大化回报呢？我喜欢随着时间的推移定期投资它，以从复利的魔力中受益。让我们考虑一个例子，假设标准普尔 500 指数将继续其年化 10% 涨幅的历史趋势。如果您在 Vanguard ETF 中初始投资 1,000 美元，然后在 35 年内每月增加 300 美元，则期末时您的投资总价值将超过 100 万美元。

Even a shorter-term investment could be compelling: Using the same amounts of money over 20 years could bring your investment to more than $200,000.

即使是短期投资也可能很有吸引力：20 年内使用相同金额的资金可能会使您的投资超过 20 万美元。

To maximize your returns, it's a great idea to invest monthly in this ETF for a time period and at an investment level that suits your budget and strategy. And at the same time, be on the lookout for quality stocks to add to your portfolio -- those in industries you understand well and that offer solid long-term prospects. This combination of regular investment in an excellent S&P 500 ETF and wise stock picking could help you grow wealth over time -- and minimize risk along the way thanks to your broad investment across the country's strongest companies.

为了最大化您的回报，最好在适合您的预算和策略的时间段和投资水平上每月投资该 ETF。与此同时，寻找优质股票添加到您的投资组合中——这些股票属于您熟悉的行业，并且提供坚实的长期前景。定期投资优秀的 S&P 500 ETF 和明智的选股相结合，可以帮助您随着时间的推移增加财富，并通过对全国最强大公司的广泛投资，最大限度地降低风险。