Runes：改变比特币代币创建的第 2 层革命

比特币的简单性经常因其稳健性而受到赞扬，也因其有限的功能而受到批评，但它促进了创新，特别是在第 2 层开发方面。 Runes 是一个最新的例子，它是一种允许在比特币上创建代币而不会造成网络拥塞的协议。与它的前身 Ordinals 不同，Runes 利用未使用的 UTXO 并与闪电网络兼容，为比特币上的可互换代币提供了更简化的方法，并有可能在更广泛的加密货币领域开辟新的可能性。

Runes: A Layer-2 Protocol Revolutionizing Token Creation on Bitcoin

Runes：彻底改变比特币代币创建的第 2 层协议

Introduction

介绍

Bitcoin, renowned for its simplicity and robustness, has fostered a surge in innovative developments, particularly in the realm of layer-2 development. Amidst this transformative landscape, Runes, a groundbreaking layer-2 protocol, has emerged, eclipsing the achievements of its predecessors. Runes redefines token creation on Bitcoin, opening up a new frontier of possibilities for the cryptocurrency and the broader blockchain ecosystem.

比特币以其简单性和稳健性而闻名，促进了创新发展的激增，特别是在第二层开发领域。在这种变革性的环境中，突破性的第 2 层协议 Runes 出现了，其前辈的成就黯然失色。 Runes 重新定义了比特币的代币创建，为加密货币和更广泛的区块链生态系统开辟了新的可能性领域。

Understanding Runes: Function and Operation

了解符文：功能和操作

Like the Ordinals protocol, Runes enables the creation of fungible tokens on the Bitcoin blockchain. However, unlike its forerunner, Runes accomplishes this feat without congesting the network or its Unspent Transaction Outputs (UTXOs).

与 Ordinals 协议一样，Runes 可以在比特币区块链上创建可替代代币。然而，与其前身不同的是，Runes 在不拥塞网络或其未花费交易输出（UTXO）的情况下完成了这一壮举。

Bitcoin's unique bookkeeping method involves spending all coins belonging to a transaction sender, allocating the intended amount to the receiver's address, and transferring the remaining UTXO to a new address under the sender's control. Runes ingeniously utilizes these transaction leftovers, repurposing unused UTXOs to create tokens.

比特币独特的记账方法涉及花费属于交易发送者的所有硬币，将预期金额分配到接收者的地址，并将剩余的 UTXO 转移到发送者控制下的新地址。 Runes 巧妙地利用这些交易剩余物，重新利用未使用的 UTXO 来创建代币。

Through a protocol message stored in an OP_RETURN output, a unique digital item, or Rune, is assigned to a UTXO. This approach alleviates the issue of network overload, a common concern with protocols like Ordinals.

通过存储在 OP_RETURN 输出中的协议消息，将唯一的数字项或符文分配给 UTXO。这种方法缓解了网络过载问题，这是 Ordinals 等协议常见的问题。

In essence, Runes streamlines the creation of fungible tokens on Bitcoin, addressing the limitations of previous protocols. Additionally, its compatibility with the Lightning Network, a crucial scalability solution for Bitcoin, further enhances its potential.

从本质上讲，符文简化了比特币上可替代代币的创建，解决了以前协议的局限性。此外，它与比特币关键的可扩展性解决方案闪电网络的兼容性进一步增强了其潜力。

Deploying Runes

部署符文

To utilize Runes, users require a compatible wallet, such as XVerse or Magic Eden, and sufficient BTC to cover transaction fees. Runes can be created ("etched"), generated ("minted"), or transferred using runestones, which are messages stored in Bitcoin transaction outputs. Etching involves establishing properties like name, divisibility, and symbol, while minting creates new tokens based on the etched properties.

要使用 Runes，用户需要一个兼容的钱包，例如 XVerse 或 Magic Eden，以及足够的 BTC 来支付交易费用。符文可以使用符石来创建（“蚀刻”）、生成（“铸造”）或传输，符石是存储在比特币交易输出中的消息。蚀刻涉及建立名称、可分性和符号等属性，而铸造则根据蚀刻的属性创建新的代币。

Performance and Market Impact

绩效和市场影响

Runes lacks a native token, but its success is gauged through its impact on the Bitcoin blockchain and the valuation of Runes-based tokens. Initially experiencing a surge, the number of daily Runes-related transactions has stabilized, now hovering at approximately 139k. Similarly, daily fees paid to Bitcoin miners have decreased from an initial high of 1,289 BTC to below 8 BTC.

Runes 缺乏原生代币，但其成功是通过其对比特币区块链的影响和基于 Runes 的代币的估值来衡量的。符文相关日交易量最初经历了激增，之后已趋于稳定，目前徘徊在 13.9 万笔左右。同样，每天支付给比特币矿工的费用也从最初的 1,289 BTC 下降到了 8 BTC 以下。

On the token front, Runes have garnered significant interest, with a market cap exceeding 35,000 BTC and a holder base approaching 500,000. This represents a substantial proportion of active Bitcoin addresses, indicating keen adoption by the Bitcoin community. Notable Runes include Dog•To•The•Moon, RSIC•Genesis•Rune, and Satoshi•Nakamoto, currently categorized as memecoins. However, the potential exists for their evolution into community-driven projects with defined purposes.

在代币方面，Runes 引起了极大的兴趣，其市值超过 35,000 BTC，持有者基数接近 500,000。这代表了活跃比特币地址的很大一部分，表明比特币社区的热衷采用。著名的符文包括 Dog•To•The•Moon、RSIC•Genesis•Rune 和 Satoshi•Nakamoto，目前被归类为模因币。然而，它们有可能演变成具有明确目的的社区驱动项目。

Implications for the Cryptocurrency Landscape

对加密货币格局的影响

Runes represents a broader trend toward expanding functionalities on the Bitcoin blockchain. Historically, scripting limitations hindered the development of smart contracts and advanced features, leading developers to seek alternative platforms. However, innovations like Runes are transforming Bitcoin into a more versatile platform, offering greater flexibility and utility.

符文代表了扩展比特币区块链功能的更广泛趋势。从历史上看，脚本限制阻碍了智能合约和高级功能的开发，导致开发人员寻求替代平台。然而，像符文这样的创新正在将比特币转变为一个更通用的平台，提供更大的灵活性和实用性。

The rise of Runes and similar protocols has the potential to diminish the significance of other blockchains, particularly those lacking innovation and use case diversity. To remain competitive, these alternative blockchains must accelerate their development efforts and identify new applications.

符文和类似协议的兴起有可能削弱其他区块链的重要性，特别是那些缺乏创新和用例多样性的区块链。为了保持竞争力，这些替代区块链必须加快开发力度并确定新的应用程序。

Conclusion

结论

Runes, a groundbreaking layer-2 protocol, has revolutionized token creation on Bitcoin, opening up a new era of innovation and expansion for the cryptocurrency. Its unique approach to UTXO utilization and compatibility with the Lightning Network address long-standing limitations, promising greater flexibility and scalability for Bitcoin.

Runes 是一种突破性的第 2 层协议，彻底改变了比特币的代币创建方式，开启了加密货币创新和扩展的新时代。其独特的 UTXO 利用方法以及与闪电网络的兼容性解决了长期存在的限制，为比特币带来了更大的灵活性和可扩展性。

While the Runes hype may eventually subside, its impact will likely trigger a virtuous cycle of innovation within the crypto space, challenging existing paradigms and driving the evolution of the blockchain ecosystem. As the frontiers of Bitcoin and blockchain continue to expand, Runes stands as a testament to the boundless possibilities that lie ahead.

虽然符文炒作可能最终会消退，但其影响可能会引发加密货币领域创新的良性循环，挑战现有范式并推动区块链生态系统的发展。随着比特币和区块链的前沿不断扩展，符文证明了未来的无限可能性。