NFT探索了：它们是什么，工作方式以及潜在的现实用例

NFT或不可杀死的代币，在短短几年内迅速成为加密市场中最重要的支柱之一。他们成为最热的

Non-fungible tokens, or NFTs, quickly became one of the most important pillars of the crypto market in just a few years. They became the hottest new trend with massive multi-million dollar art sales, but they have expanded far beyond simple digital art since.

短短几年内，毫无原则的令牌或NFTS很快就成为加密货币市场中最重要的支柱之一。他们成为最热门的新趋势，具有数百万美元的艺术销售，但此后它们的扩展远远超出了简单的数字艺术。

As blockchain technology matures and adoption grows, NFTs could prove to be essential tools for ownership, authentication, and digital commerce across countless industries. Whether it’s buying a house with a deed NFT, verifying your identity online, or trading rare in-game assets, NFTs are set to play an even greater role in the future’s digital economy.

随着区块链技术的成熟和采用的增长，NFT可以被证明是无数行业的所有权，身份验证和数字商务的重要工具。无论是购买带有契约NFT的房屋，在线验证您的身份，还是在罕见的游戏中进行交易，NFT都将在未来的数字经济中发挥更大的作用。

What Is a Non-Fungible Token (NFT)?

什么是不可杀死的令牌（NFT）？

Non-fungible tokens are unique digital assets stored on a blockchain, usually Ethereum or Solana. “Non-fungible” simply means that the asset is unique and can’t be directly replaced or exchanged for another asset. For example, a U.S. dollar is fungible because it can be easily replaced for another identical dollar. NFTs, on the other hand, are like original paintings or rare collectibles – such as one-of-one baseball cards – where each item is provably unique.

不可杀死的令牌是存储在区块链（通常以太坊或索拉纳）上的独特数字资产。 “不可杀菌”只是意味着资产是独一无二的，不能直接替换或交换为其他资产。例如，一美元是可替代的，因为它可以很容易地替换为另一个相同的美元。另一方面，NFT就像原始的绘画或稀有收藏品（例如一种棒球卡）一样，每个物品都是独一无二的。

Even though NFTs have only been around for less than a decade, they have already had a major impact on both blockchain adoption and digital culture in general. To understand how we got here, it’s important to take a look back at where NFTs began.

即使NFT仅在不到十年的时间里，他们已经对区块链采用和总体数字文化产生了重大影响。要了解我们如何到达这里，重要的是要回顾一下NFTS的开始。

A Brief History of NFTs

NFTS的简短历史

NFTs erupted into the mainstream in 2020 and 2021, but they had been around for many years by that point. Developers played around with tech similar to NFTs all the way back in 2012 and 2013. The first clear predecessor of NFTs, a project called Colored Coins, was launched in 2012. Colored Coins represented denominations of Bitcoin “colored” with a little bit of extra data (called metadata), allowing them to stand for real-world assets.

NFT在2020年和2021年爆发为主流，但到那时已经存在了很多年。开发人员在2012年和2013年一直使用与NFT类似的技术发挥作用。2012年推出了NFT的第一个明确的前身，一个名为Colored Coins的项目。彩色硬币代表了比特币的“有色”的额外数据（称为元数据）的彩色硬币（称为Metadata），使它们可以提供现实世界中的收藏品。

Bitcoin’s blockchain simply wasn’t built for this kind of utility, so Colored Coins didn’t gain much steam. The first collections of NFTs, as we know them today, were launched in 2017. Larva Labs, a fledgling company, launched CryptoPunks in June of that year. CryptoPunks are a collection of 10,000 unique (non-fungible) pixel art characters stored on the Ethereum blockchain.

比特币的区块链根本不是为这种实用程序而建造的，因此彩色硬币并没有得到太多的蒸汽。正如我们今天所知，NFT的第一批收藏集于2017年推出。刚起步的公司Larva Labs于当年6月推出了Cryptopunks。 Cryptopunks是一个存储在以太坊区块链上的10,000个独特（不可杀死）的像素艺术角色的集合。

Just a few months later, CryptoKitties, a collection of cat NFTs, launched and gained popularity quickly as it allowed users to collect and even breed their digital cats. It became so popular that it congested the Ethereum network, making transactions extraordinarily expensive and slow.

仅仅几个月后，Cryptokitties（一系列Cat NFTS）在允许用户收集甚至繁殖其数字猫时迅速发起并获得了知名度。它变得如此受欢迎，以至于使以太坊网络拥挤，使交易变得异常昂贵且缓慢。

The tremendous success of CryptoPunks and CryptoKitties proved the value of unique, verifiable NFTs. Both collections are still remarkably popular (and expensive), even though the NFT market has fallen a long way from its peak. The two collections inspired other creators to launch over a hundred thousand NFT collections over the years. Many of these NFTs are similar, art-focused projects, but the technology has spread to countless industries including gaming, music, real estate, and sports collectibles.

加密邮票和加密作用的巨大成功证明了独特的，可验证的NFT的价值。即使NFT市场距离高峰已经很远，这两个系列仍然非常受欢迎（而且昂贵）。这两个收藏激发了其他创作者多年来推出了十万NFT系列。这些NFT中的许多都是类似的，以艺术为中心的项目，但是该技术已扩展到无数行业，包括游戏，音乐，房地产和体育收藏品。

How Do NFTs Work?

NFT如何工作？

NFTs are powered by blockchain technology to verify ownership and ensure the non-fungibility (or uniqueness) of digital assets. When an NFT is minted, a new record is added to the blockchain, a kind of decentralized, tamper-proof ledger that anyone can view and use.

NFT由区块链技术提供动力，以验证所有权并确保数字资产的无遗产（或独特性）。当铸造NFT时，将新的记录添加到区块链，这是一种分散的，防篡改的分类帐，任何人都可以查看和使用。

Each NFT is usually linked to a specific digital file like an image, GIF, video, or audio file using a smart contract. Smart contracts are lines of code that automatically execute when certain predetermined conditions are met. An NFT’s smart contract acts similarly to a house deed and a certificate of authenticity, linking the NFT to the creator and recording every transaction or transfer, ensuring the holder can prove ownership.

通常将每个NFT链接到特定的数字文件，例如使用智能合约，例如图像，GIF，视频或音频文件。智能合约是当满足某些预定条件时自动执行的代码行。 NFT的智能合同的行动类似于房屋契据和真实性证书，将NFT与创建者联系起来并记录每笔交易或转让，以确保持有人可以证明所有权。

NFTs can be minted on many different blockchains, though most live on Ethereum, using the ERC-721 or ERC-1155 token standards (unlike ERC-20 tokens). Other popular blockchains for NFTs include Solana, Avalanche, Polygon, and even Bitcoin.

NFT可以在许多不同的区块链上铸造，尽管大多数使用ERC-721或ERC-1155代币标准（与ERC-20代币不同）。 NFT的其他流行区块链包括Solana，Avalanche，Polygon甚至比特币。

Are NFTs Profitable Anymore?

NFT盈利了吗？

The NFT market experienced a massive boom in trading volume in 2020 and 2021, making countless NFT millionaires. However, NFT values crashed along with the rest of the crypto market after the collapse of Terra Luna. Plenty of NFT collections still hold substantial value, but almost every top collection is worth much less than it was during the peak.

NFT市场在2020年和2021年经历了巨大的交易量，这是无数NFT的百万富翁。然而，在Terra Luna崩溃后，NFT值与加密货币市场的其余部分崩溃。大量的NFT收藏仍然具有可观的价值，但是几乎每个顶级系列的价值都比峰值少得多。

Since 2022, NFT trading volume has fallen dramatically, and so has mainstream adoption. This has made it much more difficult to trade NFTs profitably, though it’s still possible. Even at its height, making a profit with NFTs was no easy feat, given their extreme volatility and short lifespans. Trading NFTs has always been incredibly risky due to the inherent volatility and low liquidity, and this likely won’t change soon.

自2022年以来，NFT交易量急剧下降，主流采用也是如此。尽管仍然有可能，但这使得NFT的交易变得更加困难。鉴于它们的极端波动和寿命较短​​，即使在高峰期，通过NFT赚钱也不是一件容易的事。由于固有的波动性和低流动性，交易NFT一直存在着令人难以置信的风险，而且这种情况可能不会很快改变。

How to Buy

如何购买