引入基本协议：比特币上的DEFI协议

比特币是世界上第一个加密货币，与其他区块链网络（如以太坊）相比，传统上，比特币的可编程性受到限制。

Bitcoin, the world’s first cryptocurrency, has traditionally been limited in its programmability compared to other blockchain networks like Ethereum. This difference arises from Bitcoin’s emphasis on minimal code changes and its lack of Turing-complete smart contracts. However, the introduction of the Cardinal Protocol by Cardano marks a groundbreaking shift, enabling Bitcoin to participate in decentralized finance (DeFi) without relying on custodians or federated systems. This innovation is made possible by combining Cardano’s smart contract capabilities with cross-chain technology.

比特币是世界上第一个加密货币，与其他区块链网络（如以太坊）相比，传统上，比特币的可编程性受到限制。这种差异源于比特币对最小代码变化及其缺乏图灵完整的智能合约的重视。但是，卡尔达诺（Cardano）引入基本协议标志着开创性的转变，使比特币能够参与分散的金融（DEFI），而无需依靠托管人或联邦系统。通过将Cardano的智能合同功能与跨链技术相结合，从而使这项创新成为可能。

Cardinal Protocol, developed by Input Output Global (IOG), focuses on unspent transaction outputs (UTXOs), which are the units of value in the Bitcoin blockchain. These UTXOs are transformed into programmable assets on the Cardano blockchain, maintaining the original Bitcoin’s security and allowing it to be used effectively in DeFi.

由输入输出全局（IOG）开发的红衣主教协议集中于未支付的交易输出（UTXO），这是比特币区块链中价值单位。这些UTXO被转换为Cardano区块链上的可编程资产，维护原始比特币的安全性并允许在DEFI中有效使用它。

“We focused on combining the best of both blockchains to create a protocol that is both trust-minimized and capital-efficient,” says Sebastian Angel, Head of Special Projects at IOG. “This is in contrast to existing bridges, which either place too much trust in a small number of parties or are limited in the types of DeFi use cases they support.”

IOG特殊项目负责人Sebastian Angel说：“我们专注于结合两种区块链的最佳方法，以创建一个既可以信任的又有资本效率的协议。” “这与现有的桥梁形成鲜明对比，后者要么对少数当事方的信任过多信任，要么在其支持的Defi用例类型中受到限制。”

MuSig2 Multi-Signature Security

Musig2多签名安全

Cardinal employs MuSig2, an aggregated multi-signature scheme, to lock Bitcoin UTXOs on the Bitcoin base layer. This ensures that the original Bitcoin remains safe while enabling cross-chain functionality. The protocol also uses a rotating operator set and a framework for publishing fraud proofs in the event of operator misconduct.

Cardinal采用Musig2（一种汇总的多签名方案）将比特币基础币锁定在比特币底层上。这确保了原始比特币在启用跨链功能的同时保持安全。该协议还使用旋转操作员集和一个框架来发布操作员不当行为时发布欺诈证明。

On the Cardano side, the locked Bitcoin UTXOs are represented as 1:1-pegged non-fungible tokens (NFTs), which retain their on-chain provenance. This allows Ordinals, the new standard for programmable assets on Bitcoin, to circulate within DeFi markets without losing their historical data.

在Cardano方面，锁定的比特币UTXOs表示为1：1钉的无固定令牌（NFTS），该令牌保留了其链出处。这允许Ordinals（在比特币上可编程资产的新标准）在不丢失其历史数据的情况下在Defi市场中传播。

Users can redeem their wrapped Bitcoin at any time using the same multi-signature keys, providing flexibility and security. Moreover, Cardinal integrates BitVMX, an off-chain verifiable execution framework, to publish fraud proofs to Bitcoin in case of operator behavior deviating from the protocol rules.

用户可以随时使用相同的多签名密钥兑换包裹的比特币，从而提供灵活性和安全性。此外，Cardinal将BITVMX集成了一个脱链可验证的执行框架，以在偏离协议规则的操作员行为时向比特币发布欺诈证明。

This closely aligns the bridge’s security model with Bitcoin’s own, offering a trust-minimized alternative to existing federated solutions like wBTC.

这将桥梁的安全模型与比特币的安全模型紧密相符，为WBTC等现有联合解决方案提供了信任最小的替代方案。

Why Is Cardinal Protocol Significant for Bitcoin DeFi?

为什么针对比特币Defi的基本协议很重要？

Trust-Minimized Design

信任最小的设计

Unlike custodial and federated bridges, Cardinal’s MuSig2 model reduces the trust surface while maintaining capital efficiency. This design eliminates risks such as rehypothecation, where custodians reuse user assets without transparency, and operational risks associated with single points of failure.

与托管和联邦桥梁不同，红衣主教的Musig2模型在保持资本效率的同时降低了信任表面。这种设计消除了诸如重新支配的风险，托管人在没有透明度的情况下重用用户资产以及与单个失败点相关的操作风险。

Expanded Use Cases for Bitcoin

扩展比特币用例

With Cardinal, Bitcoin holders can now:

使用红衣主教，比特币持有人现在可以：

* Participate in automated market maker (AMM) pools.

*参加自动做市商（AMM）池。

* Lend and borrow assets for yield generation.

*借入和借资产以产生产量。

* Use Ordinals as collateral for loans.

*使用序数作为贷款的抵押品。

* Auction or trade Bitcoin-based assets across chains.

*跨连锁店的拍卖或基于贸易比特币的资产。

This opens up a new chapter for Bitcoin in the rapidly evolving DeFi landscape.

这为快速发展的Defi景观中的比特币打开了新的章节。

Enhanced Security and Efficiency

增强的安全性和效率

Cardano’s eUTXO accounting system closely mirrors Bitcoin’s UTXO structure, simplifying equivalence proofs for symmetric pegs. Additionally, deterministic transaction costs and low fee volatility make the protocol more predictable and user-friendly, especially for DeFi applications.

Cardano的EUTXO会计系统紧密反映了比特币的UTXO结构，简化了对称钉的等价证明。此外，确定性交易成本和低费用波动使协议更具可预测性和用户友好，尤其是对于Defi应用程序。

Challenges and Future Developments

挑战和未来的发展

While Cardinal Protocol is a significant milestone, it is not yet a turnkey consumer product. The following areas require further development:

虽然红衣主教协议是一个重要的里程碑，但它尚不是交钥匙的消费产品。以下领域需要进一步发展：

* Technical Enhancements

*技术增强功能

* Improved SNARK-based burn-proof generation.

*改进了基于Snark的防燃烧的一代。

* Recursive state proofs for better scalability.

*递归状态证明可更好地可伸缩性。

* Enhanced wallet UX.

*增强的钱包UX。

* Independent Audits

*独立审核

* The MuSig2 implementation and operator rotation logic need rigorous scrutiny to ensure robustness against potential exploits.

* MUSIG2实施和操作员轮换逻辑需要严格的审查，以确保对潜在漏洞的鲁棒性。

* Liquidity Growth

*流动性增长

* Cardano’s TVL has seen fluctuations, but the team remains optimistic about attracting new liquidity from Bitcoin.

* Cardano的TVL发生了波动，但团队对吸引比特币的新流动性仍然乐观。

How Does Cardinal Compare to Other Bitcoin DeFi Solutions?

红衣主教与其他比特币Defi解决方案相比如何？

Cardinal stands out due to its trust-minimized approach and integration with Cardano’s smart contracts. Unlike traditional wrapped Bitcoin solutions, which rely on centralized custodians, Cardinal ensures that users retain full control over their assets. This innovation addresses long-standing concerns about security and transparency in the Bitcoin DeFi ecosystem.

红衣主教由于其信任最小化的方法以及与Cardano的智能合约的集成而脱颖而出。与依靠集中托管人的传统包裹的比特币解决方案不同，红衣主教可确保用户保留对其资产的完全控制。这项创新解决了对比特币Defi生态系统安全性和透明度的长期关注。

Despite the technical challenges involved in bridging two distinct blockchain networks, institutions and developers are increasingly exploring cross-chain protocols to connect different blockchains and expand the possibilities of decentralized technologies.

尽管桥接两个不同的区块链网络涉及技术挑战，但机构和开发人员越来越多地探索跨链协议，以连接不同的区块链并扩大了分散技术的可能性。