加密货币交易：英国投资者综合指南

本文讨论如何交易加密货币，首先在加密货币交易所开设账户，然后用法定货币为账户注资并选择要交易的加密货币。它进一步阐述了各种交易策略，包括日间交易、波段交易和头寸交易。该文章还强调了影响加密货币价格的因素，例如供应和需求，然后提供了将加密货币安全地存储在热钱包或冷钱包中的建议。最后，它涉及监管环境以及了解加密货币交易风险的重要性，因为目前政府没有为投资者提供保护。

Forbes Advisor has provided this content for educational reasons only and not to help you decide whether or not to invest in cryptocurrency. Should you decide to invest in cryptocurrency or in any other investment, you should always obtain appropriate financial advice and only invest what you can afford to lose.

目录 日内交易 波段交易 头寸交易 价格变化的原因是什么？财富警告 显示更多 显示更少 福布斯顾问提供此内容仅出于教育目的，而不是帮助您决定是否投资加密货币。如果您决定投资加密货币或任何其他投资，您应该始终获得适当的财务建议，并且只投资您可以承受损失的金额。

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According to a recent survey carried out by Forbes Advisor, almost two-thirds (65%) of the investing public has money in cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency is like a form of digital money. It is a way of making payments from person to person without any organisation or institution in the middle to facilitate it.

根据福布斯顾问最近进行的一项调查，近三分之二（65％）的投资公众拥有加密货币资金。加密货币就像数字货币的一种形式。这是一种人与人之间进行支付的方式，无需任何组织或机构作为中间媒介。

For example, if you want to pay a dog groomer, you’d either need to use cash minted and distributed by the state, or a bank transfer facilitated by the payer and payees’ banks.

例如，如果您想向狗美容师付款，您要么需要使用国家铸造和分配的现金，要么需要使用付款人和收款人银行提供的银行转账。

If, however, your dog groomer accepted Bitcoin, the largest and best known of all the thousands of cryptocurrencies in existence and referred to by the ticker code ‘BTC’, you’d be able to make payment from your digital wallet to theirs without any fees to a middleman, or any delays that might cause.

然而，如果你的狗美容师接受了比特币，这是现有的数千种加密货币中最大、最知名的一种，并由股票代码“BTC”引用，那么你就可以从你的数字钱包向他们的数字钱包付款，而无需任何费用。向中间人收取费用，或可能导致的任何延误。

With cryptocurrency, the infrastructure which makes payment possible is decentralised – no single person, group or interest controls it.

对于加密货币，使支付成为可能的基础设施是去中心化的——没有任何个人、团体或利益集团可以控制它。

How to trade crypto currency

Here’s a step-by-step guide explaining how to trade cryptocurrency:

如何交易加密货币以下是解释如何交易加密货币的分步指南：

1. Open a crypto exchange account

Most crypto traders buy and sell crypto assets via a crypto exchange. Those new to crypto trading will need to choose an exchange and sign up for an account.

1. 开设加密货币交易账户 大多数加密货币交易者通过加密货币交易所买卖加密资产。那些刚接触加密货币交易的人需要选择一个交易所并注册一个账户。

Each platform has its own set of features, services and fees. Choosing a platform is a matter of balancing things like cost and accessibility. To help would-be traders, we’ve produced a guide to some of the best crypto exchanges

每个平台都有自己的一套功能、服务和费用。选择平台需要平衡成本和可访问性等因素。为了帮助潜在的交易者，我们制作了一些最佳加密货币交易所的指南

Once a trader has chosen which exchange they want to use, they’ll need to create an account. This involves sharing some basic personal information and, increasingly, passing some light identity verification checks.

一旦交易者选择了他们想要使用的交易所，他们就需要创建一个账户。这涉及共享一些基本的个人信息，并越来越多地通过一些简单的身份验证检查。

This might mean uploading a photograph of an official identity document like a passport, or following a series of prompts in front of a webcam or smartphone camera.

这可能意味着上传护照等官方身份证件的照片，或者按照网络摄像头或智能手机摄像头前的一系列提示进行操作。

2. Fund the account

Before a user can begin trading, they first need to credit their account with some fiat currency. In the UK that means pounds Sterling.

2. 为账户注资 在用户开始交易之前，他们首先需要向其账户存入一些法定货币。在英国，这意味着英镑。

Many exchanges ask for a minimum deposit of around £10 to begin trading. This applies even if the trader wants to buy assets worth pennies. For example, if they wanted to buy one Dogecoin for £0.13, they’d likely still need to deposit the exchange’s required minimum.

许多交易所要求至少 10 英镑左右的存款才能开始交易。即使交易者想要购买价值几美分的资产，这也适用。例如，如果他们想以 0.13 英镑的价格购买一枚狗狗币，他们可能仍需要存入交易所规定的最低金额。

Once the account is credited, the user will be able to begin buying and selling crypto assets.

一旦账户存入，用户将能够开始买卖加密资产。

3. Select a cryptocurrency to trade

Users can navigate to the page of the asset they want to trade within the exchange’s website or app. For would-be traders who don’t yet know which assets they want to trade, we’ve covered some of the biggest cryptocurrencies, how they work and what they’re worth:

3.选择要交易的加密货币用户可以在交易所的网站或应用程序中导航到他们想要交易的资产的页面。对于尚不知道自己想要交易哪些资产的潜在交易者，我们介绍了一些最大的加密货币、它们的运作方式以及它们的价值：

• Our Pick Of The Best Cryptocurrencies
• Our Pick Of The Top Artificial Intelligence (AI) Cryptocurrencies
• Large Altcoins Of 2024

4. Establish a trading strategy

There are several different ways to trade cryptocurrency. Further down this page we’ve outlined some of the main ways to engage with the market. Click here to read more.

我们精选的最佳加密货币我们精选的顶级人工智能 (AI) 加密货币20244 种大型山寨币。建立交易策略有多种不同的方式来交易加密货币。在本页的下方，我们概述了参与市场的一些主要方式。点击这里阅读更多。

5. Initiate trading

Once a user has chosen which assets to trade and which trading strategy to employ, they can then navigate to the relevant page(s) within their exchange’s website or app and then execute the trades.

5. 启动交易一旦用户选择了要交易的资产以及要采用的交易策略，他们就可以导航到交易所网站或应用程序内的相关页面，然后执行交易。

6. Securely storing cryptocurrency

While many exchanges offer built-in crypto wallets (known as custodial wallets) some investors prefer more control over the public and private keys used to execute crypto trades. This is where third-party wallets  or ‘non-custodial’ wallets come in.

6. 安全存储加密货币虽然许多交易所提供内置加密钱包（称为托管钱包），但一些投资者更喜欢对用于执行加密交易的公钥和私钥进行更多控制。这就是第三方钱包或“非托管”钱包发挥作用的地方。

There are two main types:

主要有两种类型：

Hot wallets are convenient online applications that provide storage for public and private keys. However, they are more susceptible to hacking.  The good news is, many hot wallet providers offer customer support to help recover funds if people lose their login credentials.

热钱包是方便的在线应用程序，为公钥和私钥提供存储。然而，它们更容易受到黑客攻击。好消息是，许多热钱包提供商提供客户支持，以帮助人们在丢失登录凭据时恢复资金。

Cold wallets are offline devices, like a USB drive, that provide arguably higher levels of security. Hackers can’t access keys stored in a cold wallet as easily because the wallet isn’t connected to the internet.  However, the downside is that if someone loses access codes to their cold wallet, there’s limited customer service to help them regain access.

冷钱包是离线设备，例如 USB 驱动器，可以提供更高级别的安全性。黑客无法轻松访问存储在冷钱包中的密钥，因为冷钱包没有连接到互联网。然而，缺点是，如果有人丢失了冷钱包的访问代码，则帮助他们重新获得访问权限的客户服务有限。

Furthermore, once a cold wallet is plugged into a web-connected computer, the ‘air gap’ is closed and the keys once again become vulnerable to hackers.

此外，一旦冷钱包插入联网计算机，“气隙”就会关闭，密钥再次容易受到黑客的攻击。

Chain of command

This whole works using blockchain technology. Blockchains are indelible, digital ledgers maintained by volunteers, governed by communities of ordinary people and distributed to anyone who wants to get involved.

命令链整个工作都使用区块链技术。区块链是不可磨灭的数字账本，由志愿者维护，由普通民众社区管理，并分发给任何想要参与的人。

Volunteers offer their time and effort in exchange for the chance to earn cryptocurrency, and encryption technology makes it practically impossible to cheat the system.

志愿者付出时间和精力来换取赚取加密货币的机会，而加密技术使得欺骗系统几乎不可能。

When you carry out a transaction with cryptocurrency, volunteers around the globe make a record of it in their copy of the relevant ledger. When a certain number of transactions are recorded, a block of those transactions are added to a long chain of previous blocks which represent the canonical history of transactions in that currency.

当您使用加密货币进行交易时，世界各地的志愿者会在相关分类帐的副本中记录该交易。当记录一定数量的交易时，这些交易的区块将被添加到先前区块的长链中，这些区块代表了该货币交易的规范历史。

To add a block to the blockchain you first need to validate it. To do this, you need to either: correctly guess a 64-character, alphanumeric string with trillions of possible combinations, or stake your own cryptocurrency for the opportunity.

要将块添加到区块链，您首先需要验证它。为此，您需要：正确猜测包含数万亿种可能组合的 64 个字符的字母数字字符串，或者抵押您自己的加密货币来获得这个机会。

Investors lucky enough to be chosen – either because their computer rig was powerful enough to make the correct guess (or the closest guess within a 10-time limit), or they staked enough of their assets to tip the odds in their favour – will need a 51% majority of the volunteers to agree that theirs is an accurate record of transaction.

幸运地被选中的投资者——要么是因为他们的计算机设备足够强大，能够做出正确的猜测（或在 10 次限制内最接近的猜测），要么是因为他们投入了足够的资产来提高对自己有利的赔率——将需要51% 的大多数志愿者同意他们的交易记录是准确的。

If an investor tried to claim there was more cryptocurrency in an account than there actually was, the majority would reject it. In order to cheat the system, they’d have to control at least 51% of the votes on the network. In either case the cost would be prohibitive.

如果投资者试图声称账户中的加密货币比实际数量多，大多数人都会拒绝。为了欺骗系统，他们必须控制网络上至少 51% 的选票。无论哪种情况，成本都将令人望而却步。

When the investor’s block is added to the blockchain, they are rewarded with a small amount of a given cryptocurrency.

当投资者的区块被添加到区块链时，他们将获得少量给定的加密货币作为奖励。

There are no cryptocurrency coins or notes, there are only records of transactions keeping track of who owns which assets.

没有加密货币硬币或纸币，只有交易记录来跟踪谁拥有哪些资产。

Cryptocurrencies can be used to pay for goods and services, traded for other cryptocurrencies, or held onto for speculative purposes.

加密货币可用于支付商品和服务、交换其他加密货币或出于投机目的而持有。

What is crypto trading?

Crypto trading is the process of speculating on cryptocurrency prices, and buying and selling them accordingly.

什么是加密货币交易？加密货币交易是猜测加密货币价格并据此进行买卖的过程。

Crypto traders typically use crypto exchanges such as eToro and Uphold. These are marketplaces where traders meet to track prices and make transactions.

加密货币交易者通常使用 eToro 和 Uphold 等加密货币交易所。这些是交易者聚集在一起跟踪价格和进行交易的市场。

The idea is to buy crypto assets expected to increase in value, typically because of events in the news, the economy, in regulation and so forth, and sell them for a maximum profit before prices drop.

这个想法是购买预计会增值的加密资产，通常是由于新闻、经济、监管等方面的事件，并在价格下跌之前出售它们以获取最大利润。

Ways to trade cryptocurrency

Within a chosen crypto exchange, a trader will be able to check current prices for a range of tokens, and see how they’ve been performing over the past hours, days, weeks, months and even years.

交易加密货币的方式在选定的加密货币交易所内，交易者将能够检查一系列代币的当前价格，并了解它们在过去几小时、几天、几周、几个月甚至几年的表现。

Exchanges will generally show users the tokens that are trending upwards and downwards in price, new tokens, popular tokens and so forth. Users can use all of this information to decide which coins to buy and sell.

交易所通常会向用户展示价格上涨和下跌趋势的代币、新代币、热门代币等。用户可以使用所有这些信息来决定购买和出售哪些代币。

Buying a cryptocurrency means someone else is selling with both parties just using the exchange as an intermediary. When there are more buyers than sellers, the price of a token tends to rise – and vice versa.

购买加密货币意味着其他人仅使用交易所作为中介向双方出售。当买家多于卖家时，代币的价格往往会上涨，反之亦然。

How and when an investor chooses to buy most likely depends on his/her approach to investing, what they may hope to gain, and the risk each trader is happy to tolerate as part of the transaction.

投资者选择如何以及何时购买最有可能取决于他/她的投资方法、他们希望获得什么，以及每个交易者在交易中愿意承受的风险。

Day trading

Day traders buy and sell tokens within the same day to take advantage of movements in the market. This offers the potential for quick returns and mitigates risks of big price drops from one day to the next.

日间交易日间交易者在同一天内买卖代币，以利用市场走势。这提供了快速回报的潜力，并降低了日复一日价格大幅下跌的风险。

On the other hand, day trading is such a short-term strategy that it prevents investors from riding out price dips that might correct themselves over longer periods.

另一方面，日间交易是一种短期策略，它会阻止投资者度过可能在较长时期内自我修正的价格下跌。

Swing trading

Swing traders hold coins for longer periods of time, monitoring prices of assets over a period of weeks to determine the best assets to buy, sell and hold. 

波动交易波动交易者持有货币的时间较长，在几周内监控资产价格，以确定购买、出售和持有的最佳资产。

Observing price movements over longer periods can help traders to make more informed decisions, but potentially requires more discipline and the ability to not act impulsively on changes.

长时间观察价格变动可以帮助交易者做出更明智的决策，但可能需要更多的纪律和不因变化而冲动行事的能力。

Position trading

Position trading takes a long-term view on crypto investing. Position traders buy coins in anticipation they’ll make gains over the longer term, and are less concerned with day-to-day volatility.

头寸交易头寸交易以长远的眼光看待加密货币投资。头寸交易者购买代币是为了预期他们会在长期内获得收益，并且不太关心日常波动。

Position trading also has the benefit of being able to build a portfolio over time, starting with a small investment and increasing it over time. The trade-off is that investors cannot make quick returns.

头寸交易的另一个好处是能够随着时间的推移建立投资组合，从小额投资开始，随着时间的推移逐渐增加。代价是投资者无法快速获得回报。

What makes prices change?

There are countless factors that can affect the price of a cryptocurrency, but supply, demand and sentiment are useful bellwethers for predicting trends.

是什么导致价格变化？影响加密货币价格的因素有无数，但供给、需求和情绪是预测趋势的有用风向标。

When demand is met with sufficient supply, or more supply than is needed, prices tend to remain flat or fall. In crypto, supply is determined by how coins are mined.

当需求得到充足供应或供应多于所需时，价格往往会持平或下跌。在加密货币中，供应量取决于硬币的开采方式。

For example, the amount of Bitcoin given to miners who successfully add a block to the blockchain just halved, going from 6.25 BTC to 3.125 BTC.

例如，向成功向区块链添加区块的矿工提供的比特币数量减半，从 6.25 BTC 减少到 3.125 BTC。

This drastic slowdown in the rate of new Bitcoin issuance could, in theory, push prices up as supply becomes constrained. In fact, we’ve seen Bitcoin prices rally in the lead up to the halving event. However, if demand were to drop significantly, the supply squeeze would be insignificant.

从理论上讲，新比特币发行速度的急剧放缓可能会因供应受到限制而推高价格。事实上，我们已经看到比特币价格在减半事件之前上涨。然而，如果需求大幅下降，供应紧张的影响就微不足道。

Public backing

Demand is the other side of the coin. When more people are interested in buying something, the more those who can afford it are willing to pay for its relative scarcity. If, for example, a major public figure were to say they believed a coin would become very valuable, their support could pique interest and lead demand to outstrip supply, pushing prices up.

公众的支持需求是硬币的另一面。当越多的人有兴趣购买某样东西时，有能力购买某样东西的人就越愿意为其相对稀缺性买单。例如，如果一位重要公众人物说他们相信一枚硬币会变得非常有价值，他们的支持可能会激起人们的兴趣并导致需求超过供应，从而推高价格。

On the other hand, if a coin begins to be seen as less valuable – perhaps if there were rumours of liquidity issues behind the scenes – demand could fall and sellers would need to accept lower prices in order to get rid of their coins, hence prices fall. According to a Forbes Advisor survey, 58% of respondents said the recent cryptocurrency crashes affected their investments.

另一方面，如果一种代币开始被视为价值较低——也许幕后有关于流动性问题的传言——需求可能会下降，卖家将需要接受较低的价格才能摆脱他们的代币，因此价格会上涨。落下。根据福布斯顾问的一项调查，58％的受访者表示最近的加密货币崩盘影响了他们的投资。

Keeping abreast of the news

Monitoring the news for changes in these three factors can help to predict how prices might change, but countless external factors are also at play.

及时了解新闻监控这三个因素的变化有助于预测价格可能如何变化，但无数的外部因素也在发挥作用。

Storing crypto

To make trades with crypto assets, investors need to provide their public and private keys. They can’t authorise a trade without these long alphanumeric strings,  the latter of which should be known to the owner alone.

存储加密货币要使用加密资产进行交易，投资者需要提供其公钥和私钥。如果没有这些长字母数字字符串，他们就无法授权交易，而后者应该只有所有者知道。

Crypto owners’ keys need to be stored in a secure wallet to prevent their unauthorised use. Most, if not all, crypto exchanges offer a free wallet in which to store keys.

加密货币所有者的密钥需要存储在安全的钱包中，以防止未经授权的使用。大多数（如果不是全部）加密货币交易所都提供免费钱包来存储密钥。

These ‘hot’ wallets live online, which makes them vulnerable to hackers. On the other hand, they’re convenient and come with support from the provider via account recovery if a user were to, for example, forget their crypto exchange password.

这些“热”钱包在线存在，这使得它们容易受到黑客的攻击。另一方面，它们很方便，并且如果用户忘记了他们的加密货币交换密码，则可以通过帐户恢复获得提供商的支持。

Investors can store their keys offline to keep them at arms’ length from hackers, but they’ll have to pay for a USB device and they won’t get third party support if they lose their device or forget their passwords for it. Plus, the protection from hackers is weakened once one plugs their ‘cold’ wallet into a web-connected computer.

投资者可以离线存储密钥，以远离黑客，但他们必须付费购买 USB 设备，而且如果他们丢失设备或忘记密码，他们将无法获得第三方支持。此外，一旦将“冷”钱包插入联网的计算机，对黑客的保护就会减弱。

The table below, from Statista (November 2023) shows the most popular methods to store cryptocurrencies in the UK.

下表来自 Statista（2023 年 11 月），显示了英国最流行的加密货币存储方法。

How to read the crypto markets

Crypto markets are volatile and unpredictable. Traders typically monitor the four forces of demand, supply, sentiment and competition to guess

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Constrained supply can inflate prices, while increased supply tends to have the opposite effect. Demand behaves similarly. The more demand there is for an asset with limited supply, the higher prices tend to climb. When demand falls, prices usually fall too.

供应受限可能会导致价格上涨，而供应增加往往会产生相反的效果。需求的表现也类似。对供应有限的资产的需求越大，价格往往就会上涨。当需求下降时，价格通常也会下降。

The performance of existing crypto assets and the introduction of new crypto assets can affect the level of competition in the market, which in turn moves prices.

现有加密资产的表现和新加密资产的引入会影响市场竞争水平，进而影响价格。

Finally, the way people feel about crypto can also affect prices. For example, recent moves to launch a Bitcoin ETF has lent mainstream credibility to a market that some investors see as too volatile and unpredictable. As a result, prices went up.

最后，人们对加密货币的看法也会影响价格。例如，最近推出比特币 ETF 的举措为一些投资者认为过于波动和不可预测的市场带来了主流可信度。结果，价格上涨。

Crypto exchanges offer swathes of graphs and charts that reflect these four factors. Traders can interpret these data sets to read crypto markets.

加密货币交易所提供了大量反映这四个因素的图表。交易者可以解读这些数据集来解读加密货币市场。

Wealth warning

Whatever investors decide to trade in, wherever they choose to do it and whenever they buy or sell, they should be aware that crypto is extremely volatile and, for the time being, unregulated.

财富警告无论投资者决定进行什么交易，无论他们选择在哪里进行交易，无论何时购买或出售，他们都应该意识到加密货币的波动性极大，并且目前不受监管。

This means they’ll get no support from the government if they’re scammed or lose money because an exchange or token collapses.

这意味着，如果他们因交易所或代币崩溃而被骗或损失金钱，他们将无法获得政府的支持。

The government is currently consulting on bringing the crypto market into regulation, which would force providers to play by the same rules as traditional financial services companies or else lose their trading licences. This would offer consumers much greater protection if implemented.

政府目前正在就将加密货币市场纳入监管进行咨询，这将迫使提供商遵守与传统金融服务公司相同的规则，否则将失去其交易许可证。如果实施，这将为消费者提供更大的保护。

Either way, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) – the UK financial regulator – has taken great pains to remind would-be investors they should be prepared to lose all of the money they put into crypto.

无论哪种方式，英国金融监管机构金融行为监管局（FCA）都煞费苦心地提醒潜在投资者，他们应该做好损失所有投入加密货币的资金的准备。

The advantages and disadvantages of trading cryptocurrencies are almost completely subjective, and depend entirely on how you feel about crypto as a concept.

交易加密货币的优点和缺点几乎完全是主观的，完全取决于你对加密货币这个概念的看法。

Enthusiasts often argue crypto can serve as a hedge against inflation, that it’s faster and cheaper than centralised fiat currencies, that it’s free of interference from vested interests and that it’s private.

爱好者经常认为加密货币可以作为对冲通货膨胀的工具，它比中心化的法定货币更快、更便宜，它不受既得利益的干扰，而且它是私人的。

Detractors say cryptocurrencies are volatile, unpredictable and lack real-world utility. Environmentally-minded critics say certain cryptocurrency systems are unsustainable because of the huge amounts of energy they use.

批评者称加密货币不稳定、不可预测并且缺乏现实世界的实用性。具有环保意识的批评者表示，某些加密货币系统是不可持续的，因为它们使用了大量的能源。

Without regulation, some people also fear investors are exposed to rogue traders, scams, platform collapse and other risks. Some say the relative privacy of cryptocurrency, coupled with a lack of regulation, makes it a haven for fraudsters, money launderers and criminals.

如果没有监管，一些人还担心投资者面临流氓交易员、诈骗、平台崩溃和其他风险。有人说，加密货币的相对隐私性，加上缺乏监管，使其成为欺诈者、洗钱者和犯罪分子的避风港。

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Cryptocurrency is unregulated in the UK. The UK regulator, the Financial Conduct Authority, has repeatedly warned investors that they risk losing all their money if they buy cryptocurrency, with no possibility of compensation.

加密货币在英国不受监管。英国监管机构金融行为监管局多次警告投资者，如果购买加密货币，他们可能会损失所有资金，而且无法获得赔偿。