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1944 年 6 月 6 日,盟军猛攻法国诺曼底海滩,开始执行将欧洲从纳粹占领下解放出来的使命。奥马哈海滩曾经被称为金海岸,成为激烈战斗的场所,数千名士兵面临着德国无情的防御。美国国家历史博物馆保存的文物包括将军的训诫、妨碍士兵行动的有缺陷的突击夹克、捕捉混乱和英勇的标志性照片、犹太水手的深刻抵抗象征、死后授予的荣誉勋章和沙子。战场上还残留着激烈冲突的痕迹。这些文物让我们得以一睹那些在那个决定性的日子里战斗并倒下的人的经历。
Omaha Beach: A Battlefield Etched in History and Memory
奥马哈海滩:铭刻在历史和记忆中的战场
Nestled between the tranquil villages of Vierville-sur-Mer and Sainte-Honorine-des-Pertes, where the azure waters of the English Channel once gently lapped its golden shores, there lies a five-mile stretch of beach forever etched in the annals of history. Known as Côte d'Or, or "golden coast," this idyllic expanse was transformed into a scene of relentless combat on June 6, 1944, as Allied soldiers valiantly stormed the beaches of Normandy, France, in a daring mission to overthrow the Nazi regime and reclaim Europe from its oppressive grip.
坐落在宁静的 Vierville-sur-Mer 和 Sainte-Honorine-des-Pertes 村庄之间,英吉利海峡蔚蓝的海水曾经轻轻拍打着金色的海岸,这里有一片五英里长的海滩,永远铭刻在了历史上。历史。 1944 年 6 月 6 日,这片被称为“金海岸”或“黄金海岸”的田园诗般的广阔土地变成了无情的战斗场景,盟军士兵英勇地冲进了法国诺曼底的海滩,执行推翻纳粹的大胆任务。政权并将欧洲从其压迫下夺回。
Eisenhower's Stirring Exhortation:
艾森豪威尔激动人心的劝告:
In the fateful hours leading up to D-Day, Pvt. Howard I. Moorefield of North Carolina received a document imbued with hope and determination—an Order of the Day signed by Supreme Allied Commander Dwight D. Eisenhower. With words that resonated with the weight of history, Eisenhower implored his troops, "You are about to embark upon the Great Crusade, toward which we have striven these many months. The eyes of the world are upon you."
在诺曼底登陆日之前的决定性时刻,列兵。北卡罗来纳州的霍华德·莫尔菲尔德收到了一份充满希望和决心的文件——由盟军最高指挥官德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔签署的每日勋章。艾森豪威尔用与历史分量相呼应的话语恳求他的部队:“你们即将踏上伟大的远征,我们为之奋斗了数月。全世界的目光都在注视着你们。”
Equipment Malfunctions and Tragic Consequences:
设备故障和悲惨后果:
As the soldiers of Company A, 116th Infantry Regiment, 29th Infantry Division, prepared to embark on their perilous mission, they were issued newly designed assault jackets intended to facilitate the transport of essential supplies. However, these garments proved to be a hindrance, hampering their mobility and survival during the treacherous landing.
当第 29 步兵师第 116 团 A 连的士兵准备开始执行危险的任务时,他们获得了新设计的突击夹克,旨在方便运输必需品。然而,这些服装被证明是一种障碍,阻碍了他们在危险的着陆过程中的机动性和生存。
As their six landing craft approached Sector Dog Green on Omaha Beach, one of them began to sink, plunging the soldiers into the unforgiving depths. Weighted down by their waterlogged assault jackets, the men struggled to free themselves from the suffocating garments. Dozens succumbed to a watery grave, while others staggered ashore, exhausted and vulnerable.
当他们的六艘登陆艇接近奥马哈海滩的狗格林区时,其中一艘开始下沉,士兵们陷入了无情的深渊。士兵们被浸水的攻击夹克压得喘不过气来,挣扎着从令人窒息的衣服中脱身。数十人死于水下坟墓,而其他人则摇摇晃晃地上岸,精疲力尽且脆弱。
The Horrors of Omaha Beach:
奥马哈海滩的恐怖:
Contrary to their expectations, the soldiers found the beach barren of craters from aerial and naval bombardment, offering no shelter from the relentless enemy fire. Within minutes, German machine guns, mortars, and artillery unleashed a brutal onslaught, decimating Company A.
与他们的预期相反,士兵们发现海滩上没有被空中和海上轰炸留下的弹坑,无法躲避敌人无情的炮火。几分钟之内,德军机枪、迫击炮和大炮发动了残酷的猛攻,摧毁了 A 连。
Other companies of the 116th Regiment also faced insurmountable challenges in their respective sectors. Drenched, shivering, and pinned down by relentless enemy fire, they discarded their cumbersome assault jackets, desperate to stay afloat and escape the relentless onslaught. In the aftermath of D-Day, the beaches were littered with abandoned assault jackets, grim reminders of the tragedy that had unfolded.
116团其他连在各自的领域也面临着难以克服的挑战。他们浑身湿透、瑟瑟发抖,并被敌人无情的炮火压制,他们丢掉了笨重的攻击夹克,不顾一切地想保持漂浮并躲避无情的攻击。诺曼底登陆结束后,海滩上散落着废弃的突击夹克,残酷地提醒人们已经发生的悲剧。
Capa's Iconic Images:
卡帕的标志性形象:
Renowned war photographer Robert Capa captured the harrowing events at Omaha Beach in a series of unforgettable images. Arriving at Sector Easy Red around 8:15 a.m. with the command group of Company E, 16th Infantry Regiment, 1st Infantry Division, he spent 30 minutes amidst the chaos, capturing the raw and unfiltered reality of the invasion.
著名战地摄影师罗伯特·卡帕用一系列令人难忘的照片捕捉到了奥马哈海滩发生的悲惨事件。上午 8 点 15 分左右,他与第 1 步兵师第 16 团 E 连指挥小组抵达 Easy Red 区,在混乱中度过了 30 分钟,捕捉了入侵的原始且未经过滤的现实。
In the fifth wave of landings, Capa immortalized the valiant soldiers charging ashore, their faces etched with determination and fear. His iconic photographs brought the horrors of war to the homes of Americans, galvanizing support for the Allied cause.
在第五波登陆中,卡帕让冲上岸的英勇士兵永垂不朽,他们的脸上刻满了决心和恐惧。他的标志性照片将战争的恐怖带到了美国人的家中,激发了对盟军事业的支持。
A Symbol of Perseverance and Faith:
毅力和信念的象征:
As the wounded streamed back to the attack transport vessel USS Samuel Chase, Navy and Coast Guard personnel tirelessly tended to their injuries. Among them was Walter Melville Weberbauer, a pharmacist's mate first class from New Jersey. Around his neck, he wore a small copper coin—a British Palestine 2 mils—which he had rubbed repeatedly, perhaps for luck or solace.
当伤员涌回塞缪尔·蔡斯号攻击运输舰时,海军和海岸警卫队人员不知疲倦地照顾他们的伤员。其中包括沃尔特·梅尔维尔·韦伯鲍尔(Walter Melville Weberbauer),他是新泽西州的一名药剂师的头等舱副官。他脖子上挂着一枚小铜币——一枚价值 2 密耳的英属巴勒斯坦铜币——他反复摩擦着这枚铜币,也许是为了运气,或者是为了安慰。
As a Jewish man, Weberbauer's fight against the Nazis held profound significance. His presence on Omaha Beach served as a testament to the unwavering spirit of those who had endured unimaginable persecution.
作为一名犹太人,韦伯鲍尔与纳粹的斗争具有深远的意义。他出现在奥马哈海滩证明了那些遭受难以想象的迫害的人们的坚定不移的精神。
The Medal of Honor:
荣誉勋章:
In the evening of D-Day, the remaining members of the 26th Infantry Regiment, 1st Infantry Division, disembarked from the USS Samuel Chase and made their way ashore. Among them was Pfc. Francis X. McGraw of New Jersey, a seasoned veteran of the North African and Sicilian campaigns.
诺曼底登陆日晚上,第 1 步兵师第 26 步兵团的剩余成员从塞缪尔·蔡斯号航空母舰上登陆并上岸。其中就有 Pfc。来自新泽西州的弗朗西斯·X·麦格劳 (Francis X. McGraw) 是北非和西西里战役中经验丰富的老兵。
On November 19, 1944, near the German town of Schevenhütte, McGraw's extraordinary valor would earn him the nation's highest military decoration—the Medal of Honor. In a fierce German assault, he stood his ground, single-handedly repelling the enemy advance. Tragically, he paid the ultimate price for his courage, but his legacy of heroism would forever inspire generations to come.
1944 年 11 月 19 日,在德国小镇 Schevenhütte 附近,麦格劳非凡的勇气为他赢得了国家最高军事勋章——荣誉勋章。在德军猛烈的进攻中,他坚守阵地,单枪匹马击退了敌人的进攻。可悲的是,他为自己的勇气付出了最终的代价,但他的英雄主义遗产将永远激励子孙后代。
A Permanent Scar on the Landscape:
风景上永久的伤疤:
In the aftermath of the intense fighting, Omaha Beach underwent a profound transformation. The relentless barrage of artillery and small arms fire left an enduring imprint on the sand, with tiny fragments of iron permanently embedded in the grains. These microscopic remnants of war serve as a perpetual reminder of the bloodshed that stained its shores.
经过激烈的战斗,奥马哈海滩发生了深刻的变化。大炮和轻武器的无情射击在沙子上留下了持久的印记,微小的铁碎片永久地嵌入沙粒中。这些微小的战争残留物永远提醒人们不要忘记污染其海岸的流血事件。
A Legacy Woven in Time and Memory:
编织在时间和记忆中的遗产:
The artifacts collected from Omaha Beach—a letter, a garment, photographs, identification tags, a decoration, and sand—bear witness to a pivotal moment in history. Through the interconnected threads of time, space, and memory, these relics intertwine the lives of countless individuals who converged on that fateful day, united in their determination to defeat tyranny and secure a future for all.
从奥马哈海滩收集的文物——一封信、一件衣服、照片、识别标签、一件装饰品和沙子——见证了历史上的一个关键时刻。通过时间、空间和记忆的相互关联,这些遗迹将无数人的生活交织在一起,他们在那个决定命运的日子聚集在一起,共同决心击败暴政并确保所有人的未来。
In the words of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, "This fight to end conquest ... to liberate ... to let justice arise, and tolerance and good will among all ... people." The legacy of Omaha Beach endures as a testament to the indomitable spirit of humanity in the face of adversity.
用富兰克林·罗斯福总统的话说,“这场斗争是为了结束征服……解放……让正义得以伸张,所有人之间……充满宽容和善意。”奥马哈海滩的遗产见证了人类面对逆境时不屈不挠的精神。
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